Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2021-02"
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- A importância do transporte especializado pediátrico: a propósito de um caso de gastroquisisPublication . Pereira, Rita JustoDescreve-se um caso clínico de gastrosquisis que, pelas suas características e gravidade necessitou de transporte Interhospitalar Pediátrico (TIP) de Faro para o centro cirúrgico de referência em Lisboa. Foi realçada a importância e a necessidade das equipas especializadas de transporte.
- Bronquiolite agudaPublication . Lima, RaquelA bronquiolite aguda é uma das infeções respiratórias mais comuns nos primeiros dois anos de vida. Os sintomas iniciam-se com congestão nasal, rinorreia e tosse, podendo evoluir para aumento da dificuldade respiratória e dificuldades alimentares (geralmente entre o terceiro e quinto dias). Casos ligeiros podem ser tratados no domicilio, mas crianças com dificuldade respiratória moderada a grave, incapacidade alimentar ou apneia devem ser observadas em meio hospitalar. Não há um tratamento eficaz para a bronquiolite aguda, sendo o tratamento apenas de suporte com oxigénio e hidratação adequada.
- Abordagem da via aérea em ambiente pré-hospitalarPublication . Morais, Larissa; Pratas, AnaO controlo e eventual abordagem da via aérea é a primeira premissa na avaliação do doente crítico, assumindo um papel primordial. A sua gestão em contexto pré-hospitalar é limitada pela prática e educação do responsável, assim como pelos recursos disponíveis. Existem diversos dispositivos para assegurar a via aérea que devem ser adaptados a cada situação específica. Estudos demonstram que a taxa de sucesso da intubação. orotraqueal é superior quando é realizada por um médico em comparação com pessoal nãomédico. Na tentativa de amenizar as consequências da falta de experiência de muitos dos intervenientes no ambiente no pré-hospitalar, tem se vindo a extrapolar, dos estudos efetuados para o ambiente hospitalar, o uso de videolaringoscopia na emergência pré-hospitalar. De qualquer forma, a primeira tentativa de intubação deve ser sempre realizada nas melhores condições possíveis, visto que uma tentativa falhada pode condicionar um aumento de morbimortalidade. Salienta-se a necessidade da existência de equipas experientes, uma vez que a via aérea adequada em contexto pré-hospitalar será sempre aquela com que o prestador de cuidados se sinta mais à vontade, pois uma intervenção desmedida poderá ter consequências catastróficas.
- Hessian-polar context: a descriptor for microfilaria recognitionPublication . Al-Tam, Faroq; dos Anjos, Antonio; Shahbazkia, Hamid R.This paper presents a new effective descriptor for microfilaria. Since microfilaria is a thin elastic object, the proposed descriptor handles it locally. At each medial point of the microfilaria, the local structure of the microfilaria votes for a given shape. Accumulating these votes in the polar domain yields a rich descriptor. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach when compared to a set of different well-established methods.
- Hydrophobic interactions control the self-assembly of DNA and cellulosePublication . Lindman, Björn; Medronho, Bruno; Alves, Luís; Norgren, Magnus; Nordenskiöld, LarsDesoxyribosenucleic acid, DNA, and cellulose molecules self-assemble in aqueous systems. This aggregation is the basis of the important functions of these biological macromolecules. Both DNA and cellulose have significant polar and nonpolar parts and there is a delicate balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions. The hydrophilic interactions related to net charges have been thoroughly studied and are well understood. On the other hand, the detailed roles of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions have remained controversial. It is found that the contributions of hydrophobic interactions in driving important processes, like the double-helix formation of DNA and the aqueous dissolution of cellulose, are dominating whereas the net contribution from hydrogen bonding is small. In reviewing the roles of different interactions for DNA and cellulose it is useful to compare with the self-assembly features of surfactants, the simplest case of amphiphilic molecules. Pertinent information on the amphiphilic character of cellulose and DNA can be obtained from the association with surfactants, as well as on modifying the hydrophobic interactions by additives.
- Life in a drop: sampling environmental DNA for marine fishery management and ecosystem monitoringPublication . Gilbey, John; Carvalho, Gary; Castilho, Rita; Coscia, Ilaria; Coulson, Mark W.; Dahle, Geir; Derycke, Sofie; Francisco, Sara M.; Helyar, Sarah J.; Johansen, Torild; Junge, Claudia; Layton, Kara K. S.; Martinsohn, Jann; Matejusova, Iveta; Robalo, Joana I.; Rodriguez-Ezpeleta, Naiara; Silva, Goncalo; Strammer, Ilona; Vasemagi, Anti; Volckaert, Filip A. M.Science-based management of marine fisheries and effective ecosystem monitoring both require the analysis of large amounts of often complex and difficult to collect information. Legislation also increasingly requires the attainment of good environmental status, which again demands collection of data to enable efficient monitoring and management of biodiversity. Such data is traditionally obtained as a result of research surveys through the capture and/or visual identification of organisms. Recent years have seen significant advances in the utilisation of environmental DNA (eDNA) in the marine environment in order to develop alternative cost-effective ways to gather relevant data. Such approaches attempt to identify and/or quantify the species present at a location through the detection of extra-organismal DNA in the environment. These new eDNA based approaches have the potential to revolutionise data collection in the marine environment using non-invasive sampling methods and providing snapshots of biodiversity beyond the capacity of traditional sampling. Here we present a non-technical summary of different approaches in the field of eDNA, and emphasise the broad application of this approach, with value for the governance and management of marine aquatic ecosystems. The review focuses on identifying those tools which are now readily applicable and those which show promise but are currently in development and require further validations. The aim is to provide an understanding of techniques and concepts that can be used by managers without genetic or genomic expertise when consulting with specialists to perform joint evaluations of the utility of the approaches.
- The environments of Australopithecus anamensis at Allia Bay, Kenya: A multiproxy analysis of early Pliocene BovidaePublication . Dumouchel, Laurence; Bobe, Rene; Wynn, Jonathan G.; Barr, W. AndrewAustralopithecus anamensis, among the earliest fully bipedal hominin species, lived in eastern Africa around 4 Ma. Much of what is currently known about the paleoecology of A. anamensis comes from the type locality, Kanapoi, Kenya. Here, we extend knowledge of the range of environments occupied by A. anamensis by presenting the first multiproxy paleoecological analysis focusing on Bovidae excavated from another important locality where A. anamensis was recovered, locality 261-1 (ca. 3.97 Ma) at Allia Bay, East Turkana, Kenya. Paleoenvironments are reconstructed using astragalar ecomorphology, mesowear, hypsodonty index, and oxygen and carbon isotopes from dental enamel. We compare our results to those obtained from Kanapoi. Our results show that the bovid community composition is similar between the two fossil assemblages. Allia Bay and Kanapoi bovid astragalar ecomorphology spans the spectrum of modern morphologies indicative of grassland, woodland, and even forest-adapted forms. Dietary reconstructions based on stable isotopes, mesowear, and hypsodonty reveal that these bovids' diet encompassed the full C-3 to C-4 dietary spectrum and overlap in the two data sets. Our results allow us to confidently extend our reconstructions of the paleoenvironments of A. anamensis at Kanapoi to Allia Bay, where this pivotal hominin species is associated with heterogeneous settings including habitats with varying degrees of tree cover, including grasslands, bushlands, and woodlands. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- O impacto da formação comunitária em SBV-DAE na sobrevivência à PCR. O que sabemos do mundo e de Portugal?Publication . Mourão, C.; Martins, C.; Vicente, L.; Cartaxo, V.Paragem cardiorrespiratória (PCR) extra-hospitalar representa um problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo, pela elevada incidência, baixa sobrevida e imprevisibilidade. O cidadão comum é crucial na possibilidade de iniciar a reanimação cardiopulmonar (RCP). O seu sucesso depende do reconhecimento precoce de PCR, rápido reporte à emergência pré-hospitalar, início atempado da RCP, com compressões e ventilações de elevada qualidade; desfibrilhação precoce com recurso ao Desfibrilhador Automático Externo (DAE) e transporte célere para o hospital de referência. A American Heart Association (AHA) recomendou a necessidade de reporte dos outcomes da PCR. A formação na comunidade para os cidadãos revela-se o pilar de uma efetiva RCP e do aumento da taxa de sobrevida da vítima de PCR.Assim, torna-se lícito colocar as seguintes questões: O que se sabe de PCR e RCP no mundo? E em Portugal? Haverá impacto da formação em Suporte Básico de Vida (SBV-DAE) na população em geral?
- The structure of incipient coastal counter currents in South Portugal as indicator of their forcing agentsPublication . De Oliveira Júnior, Luciano; Garel, Erwan; Relvas, PauloThe alongshore subtidal water circulation along the South Portugal inner shelf is characterized by the temporal alternation of equatorward (i.e., broadly eastward) flows related to coastal upwelling processes and poleward (i.e., broadly westward) Coastal Counter Currents (CCCs). The objective of this study is to get insights about the main drivers of CCCs based on kinematic parameters describing the structure of the flow at the moment it changes direction. The parameters are derived from an extensive bottom-mounted ADCP dataset (16 deployments; 34,121 hourly records) collected at a single mooring (23 m water depth). Results show that the so-called incipient flows present contrasted general patterns whether they turn from equatorward to poleward or the opposite. Complementary observations at a nearby station indicate that these characteristics are spatially consistent along the studied area. Although 70% of CCCs are generated under favourable wind conditions (Levanter), these flows generally develop through the bed layer, in particular in summer. Hence, the Levanter wind - expected to promote flow setup through the surface layer - is not the main driver of CCCs in most cases. The general structure of incipient CCCs strongly suggests that the dominant force competing with the wind stress is an alongshore pressure gradient (APG). Furthermore, the maximum equatorward flow magnitude before CCCs setup is significantly correlated with the following (poleward) acceleration of incipient CCCs near the bed. Such relation is consistent with the development of CCCs due to the unbalance of an APG (produced during active upwelling) when wind relaxes. This process is further supported by an analysis of the depth-averaged momentum equation which suggests that the coastal circulation is mainly driven by linear dynamics in the region.
- The ocean in a box: water density gradients and discontinuities in water masses are important cues guiding fish larvae towards estuarine nursery groundsPublication . Baptista, Vânia; Morais, Pedro; Costa, Eudriano; Cruz, Joana; Teodosio, MariaDiscontinuities and gradients in water density are predominant features that may guide coastal fish larvae towards their estuarine nursery grounds when within the influence of an estuarine plume (Lindeman et al. 2000; Atema et al. 2002; Kingsford et al. 2002; Hale et al. 2008; James et al. 2008). When larvae are away from the estuarine plume zone, larvae may follow patchy estuarine cues that may lead them towards or away from the estuarine nursery—i.e., infotaxis strategy (sensu Vergassola et al. 2007, see Teodósio et al. (2016) for details on its applicability to fish larvae). So, recreating any of such conditions with the existing experimental apparatuses is far from resembling the natural conditions. Nonetheless, scientists have been relying on existing apparatuses to advance our understanding of which environmental cues are prioritized by fish larvae to find their nursery grounds (Radford et al. 2012; Morais et al. 2017; O'Connor et al. 2017; Vicente et al. 2020), how they respond to the presence of conspecifics (Døving et al. 2006; Vicente et al. 2020), prey, and predators (Lecchini et al. 2005), and even how climate change may disrupt sensory-driven social behaviors and habitat-choice responses (Munday et al. 2009; Pecl et al. 2017; Pistevos et al. 2017; Rossi et al. 2018).