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- Comunicação matemática, oral e escrita, numa turma de 2.º Ciclo do Ensino BásicoPublication . Pica, Ana Catarina Vilão; Guerreiro, AntónioA presente investigação realizou-se no contexto da unidade curricular de Prática de Ensino Supervisionada do mestrado em Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e de Matemática e Ciências Naturais no 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. O estudo investigativo decorreu no terceiro período do ano letivo 2020/2021, numa escola de ensino básico em Quarteira, com dezoito participantes de uma turma do 6.º ano de escolaridade. O principal objetivo desta investigação, foi a realização de aulas que promovessem a comunicação matemática e a análise das formas de comunicação entre os alunos e entre estes e o professor. Existiu uma seleção de três tarefas matemáticas com o propósito de serem distintas, em termos de conteúdos, dado que se pretendeu analisar a comunicação dos alunos de forma espontânea. Outra exigência para a escolha das tarefas matemáticas, relacionou-se com o facto de os alunos não terem abordado o respetivo tema matemático. Ou seja, era pretendido observar as preconceções que os alunos continham para o desenvolvimento da atividade e mais tarde da comunicação conjunta, para que estivessem todos no mesmo patamar de conhecimentos dos conteúdos a abordar. Por fim, as tarefas matemática selecionadas, foram elaboradas para que decorressem de forma simples sem que surgissem grandes dúvidas por parte dos alunos, concretizando assim um maior trabalho autónomo por parte dos mesmos. A análise dos dados deste estudo é apresentada, pela ordem de ocorrência, tendo em atenção apenas as partes que foram consideradas mais pertinente no que toca aos objetivos deste estudo investigativo. Centrando sempre a análise no desenvolvimento da comunicação entre os alunos e entre estes e o professor, os resultados apontam para um progressivo envolvimento dos alunos na comunicação matemática, oral e escrita, ao longo da realização das tarefas matemáticas.
- "Art infusion effect" nas artes de palco: colaboração entre as artes e as marcas através do patrocínioPublication . Simões, Tatiana Sofia dos Santos; Guerreiro, Manuela; Pereira, Luís NobreApesar das vantagens identificadas nas colaborações entre o setor privado e o meio artístico (Dobreva, 2017; Lewandowska, 2015; Mermiri, 2010), o estudo empírico dos efeitos que resultam do patrocínio às artes permanece relevante e necessário, especialmente no contexto português (GEPAC, 2014). Uma das áreas artísticas que urge beneficiar desta investigação são as artes de palco, cuja forte dependência de financiamento público gera maior vulnerabilidade a nível de sustentabilidade financeira. Através do conceito de art infusion effect, que permite medir o efeito positivo que a integração da arte gera nas marcas, este estudo propõe investigar quais os efeitos que as marcas podem esperar ao patrocinar e/ou apoiar as artes de palco. Deste modo, optou-se por uma abordagem metodológica quantitativa, utilizando como método de recolha de dados um inquérito por questionário, realizado online. A recolha de dados foi feita por intermédio de sete entidades artísticas - orquestras, companhias de dança e de teatro, - que aceitaram divulgar este estudo através de email, newsletter e/ou grupo de amigos. Mais tarde, esta recolha foi alargada às redes sociais, nomeadamente Facebook e Instagram, direcionada aos espectadores portugueses das artes de palco. No total, foram recolhidas 93 respostas válidas, analisadas de forma descritiva e exploratória, com recurso ao software IBM SPSS Statistics (v.26). A análise deste estudo demonstrou que o art infusion effect está presente nas artes de palco, ao verificar-se o impacto positivo na perceção das marcas que deriva da avaliação da sua colaboração com as artes de palco pelos consumidores. Deste modo, podemos concluir que os respondentes veem este tipo de colaborações entre as marcas e as artes de palco como positivas, à semelhança dos estudos que enquadram esta investigação. Foram também empiricamente suportadas as hipóteses que relacionavam este efeito com a notoriedade da marca, perceção do nível de adequação entre marca-arte, valor emocional, envolvimento com a marca e lealdade à marca. Os resultados permitiram identificar os efeitos que podem derivar da colaboração entre as artes de palco e as marcas, o que é uma mais-valia para futuras oportunidades de financiamento privado a esta área artística. Esta investigação contribui ainda para o estudo do art infusion effect, alargado ao contexto do patrocínio às artes. Pela primeira vez no panorama português, foi possível explorar os efeitos e a perceção dos consumidores em relação às marcas que patrocinam/apoiam as artes de palco.
- Are there differential roles in the parental behaviour of the chameleon cichlid australoheros facetus?Publication . Oliveira, Gonçalo; Saraiva, João; Jesus, Nuno F.; Guerreiro, Pedro MiguelCichlids are social fishes well known for their complex behaviour. The chameleon cichlid, Autraloheros facetus, is native to South American river drainages and is currently established in several Mediterranean-type drainages in southern Portugal as an invasive species. Their high local recruitment, territorially, and parental care activities are possible advantages in competing with native fish and achieving high reproductive success. The main objective of this work was to characterise the behaviours of the males and females of the species A. facetus upon pair formation and their roles during parental behaviour at different stages of offspring development for the purpose of gathering important basic knowledge on fish biology to apply in the control of the species’ populations. To attain this initial goal, we used observation techniques and video recording protocols to characterise the specific activities performed by each individual during reproductive and parental stages (pair formation, eggs, attached larvae, and free-swimming larvae), identifying the main tasks, and assessing the time spent on each task by each member of the reproductive pair. The breeding pairs were obtained as a result of the social hierarchy formed in each social group: groups of six individuals of similar size were placed in individual tanks fitted with a bottom biological filter, in which the temperature was increased to 24 ◦C at an expanded photoperiod. Social behaviours were recorded and characterised, expanded on a previously established ethogram. The results obtained so far allow us to establish a set of aggressive behaviours towards other fish (striking, chasing, biting), nest preparing behaviours (digging, cleaning), caring (caring, fetching), and guarding behaviours towards the offspring (hovering, patrolling). Concerning the rate of occurrence of social behaviours in randomised 5 min periods (frequency of specific behaviours per each 5 min period) show that in the pair formation stage, males present a more aggressive nature with frequent occurrence of striking (rstriking = 1) and biting (rbiting = 0.31). On the other hand, at the egg stage, the rate of occurrence of parental behaviours shows the dominance of females to prepare the nest (rdigging = 0.91) and caring for the eggs (rcaring = 3.64), while males are more vigilant (rparental hovering = 0.95). At the attached larvae stage, this tendency continues with higher occurrence rates: males focus on vigilance (rparental hovering = 1.6) and patrolling (rpatrolling = 2), and females care for the recently hatched larvae (rfetching = 4). Finally, at the free-swimming larvae stage, there is a turn and a small decrease in the occurrence of these activities: males oversee nest maintenance (rdigging = 1.09), and females patrol the tank (rpatrolling = 0.71) and care for the larvae (rfetching = 2.02). These preliminary data suggest differential roles for male and female A. facetus, that evolve during parental behaviour, for which further experimental paradigms will be designed to explore underlying proximate causes.
- Reproduction techniques applied to chondrichthyans conservationPublication . García-Salinas, Pablo; Gallego, Victor; Asturiano, Juan F.Chondrichthyan fishes, which comprise sharks, rays, and chimaeras, are one of the most threatened groups of vertebrates. Given this situation, one possible strategy for the protection of these species could be the use of ex situ conservation projects. However, to develop sustainable ex situ conservation programs, captive breeding techniques, such as sperm extraction and its preservation, should be used. Two main obstacles must be overcome to develop these techniques: first, the lack of knowledge and the scarce previous work focused on the conservation of gametes from these animals; secondly, the peculiarities of the reproductive anatomy of each particular species. Through a detailed description of their reproductive anatomy, we have been able to develope the best techniques to obtain viable sperm from 17 species. Extraction has been performed in both live and dead animals, using cannulation, abdominal massage, and dissection. Exceptionally, we have even been able to recover viable sperm from the reproductive tract of females. Moreover, we have formulated artificial seminal plasma that can be used as an extender to maintain sperm motility for 36 days at 4 ◦C. By supplementing this extender with different combinations of cryoprotectants, i.e., methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and fresh egg yolk, we were able to successfully cryopreserve (for the first time in most of these species) the sperm of 14 chondrichthyan species. Sperm samples were frozen inside a styrofoam box using the vapour of liquid nitrogen and were preserved in liquid nitrogen. The sperm quality was assessed by studying the motility and membrane integrity post thawing, demonstrating its effectiveness in the 14 species tested. In rays, the use of 10% DMSO or 10% methanol rendered post-thawing motility values higher than 40%. In sharks and the chimaera species, the best postthawing motility values were obtained with a combination of 5% DMSO, 5% methanol and 10% egg yolk, which induced mean values close to 35%. All this information broadens our knowledge on the reproductive techniques that can be applied to chondrichthyans, laying the foundations for the first cryobanks for their sperm.
- Transcriptomic analysis of differentially expressed genes in kidney and intestine of dicentrarchus iabrax fed different nutritional amounts of inorganic phosphatePublication . Vargas Lagos, Carolina Fabiola; Silva, Sandra; Guerrero, Laura; Oca, Marco Montes de; Louro, Bruno; Carvalho Alves, Alexandra; Rotllant, Josep; Guerreiro, Pedro MiguelPhosphorus (P), in the form of inorganic phosphate (Pi), is one of the most important macronutrients for all organisms, including fish. It is indispensable for the formation of hard tissues such as bones, but also for cell signalling and cell membrane formation, and energy transduction, among many other functions and is kept under well-controlled conditions, since its deficiency or overload may lead to skeletal malformation or ectopic calcification, disturbances of intermediary metabolism, growth and function impairment, endocrine dysfunction, and eventually death. Fish feeds used in aquaculture are therefore P-rich but excess/unused/excreted P in the effluents can lead to eutrophication and a consequent deleterious change in the aquatic ecosystem. The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression profiles and transcripts modified by dietary P, to identify pathways and mechanisms involved in P transport and regulation in the kidney and intestine. Juvenile Dicentrarchus labrax were fed using a commercial feed (1.1% P) or tailored-made feeds containing 0.05%, 1.1%, or 3% Pi. Fish (duplicate tanks, n = 10) were fed for 70 days and weighed periodically to evaluate growth changes. Kidney and intestine were used for RNA extraction. Next-Generation Sequencing and RNAseq library preparation were performed in an Illumina system following the manufacturer’s recommendations. Annotation was performed using the available sea bass genome assembly. Bioinformatic analysis showed significant differences in expression patterns among the three conditions tested in both tissues. In the kidney, increased P led to a total of 135 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 82 up and 53 down), while only 54 (11 up and 43 down) genes responded to P restriction. In the intestine, high P affected the expression of 50 genes (16 up and 34 down) whereas only 26 (6 up and 20 down) were modified by low P. However, DEGs between high and low P were 156 in kidney and 154 in intestine. Preliminary analysis suggests the most affected pathways were those involved in cellular metabolism and phosphorylation but also on the structure of cell membranes, either for maintaining membrane integrity or in genes related to transmembrane ion transport. We expect this research to reveal the molecular implications of dietary P imbalance looking at specific targets such as membrane transporters and regulatory factors, but also to the larger metabolic pathways affected in these two key organs for P uptake and excretion.