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- Integration of managed aquifer recharge into the water supply system in the Algarve region, PortugalPublication . Standen, Kathleen; Costa, Luís; Hugman, Rui; Monteiro, José PauloThe Algarve region of Portugal is experiencing severe water scarcity with existing water supplies insufficient to meet demand, with limited resilience to drought. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) can provide intermediate storage and bridge the gap between water availability and demand, with success depending on the water available and the aquifer capacity to accept and store the water. We present the results of a regional study quantifying both these aspects to estimate the regional potential for MAR. Our results demonstrate that MAR can comprise 10% of the total water demand of the region (24 Mm3/yr) using water that is not otherwise captured, with quality that meets the requirements of the Groundwater Directive. MAR can replace 15 Mm3/yr of surface water used in the public irrigation perimeters and 9 Mm3/yr can be used to develop and maintain a strategic groundwater resource in the aquifers of the Central Algarve. Although climate change is predicted to result in an 8–13% decrease in MAR recharge, this can be addressed by incrementally increasing MAR design capacity. MAR has similar water resource benefits to the planned major infrastructure projects (desalination and River Guadiana abstraction), with reduced environmental impacts and lower costs than almost all feasible alternatives. We conclude that MAR is an important measure to increase water supply security and drought resilience in the Algarve region.
- A first approach for the micropropagation of the edible and medicinal Halophyte Inula crithmoides L.Publication . Rodrigues, Maria João; Castañeda-Loaiza, Viana; Fernandes, Eliana; Custódio, LuísaInula crithmoides L. (golden samphire) is an edible aromatic halophyte species with confirmed nutritional and medicinal properties attributed to the presence of important metabolites, including proteins, carotenoids, vitamins, and minerals. Therefore, this study aimed at establishing a micropropagation protocol for golden samphire that can serve as a nursery approach to its standardized commercial cultivation. For that purpose, a complete regeneration protocol was developed by improving shoot multiplication from nodal explants, rooting, and acclimatization methodologies. The treatment with BAP alone induced the maximum shoot formation (7–7.8 shoots/explant), while IAA treatment increased the shoot height (9.26–9.5 cm). Furthermore, the treatment that coupled best shoot multiplication (7.8 shoots/explant) and highest shoot height (7.58 cm) was MS medium supplemented with 0.25 mg/L BAP. Moreover, all shoots produced roots (100% rooting), and multiplication treatments did not exert significant effect on root length (7.8–9.7 cm/plantlet). Moreover, by the end of the rooting phase, plantlets cultivated with 0.25 mg/L BAP had the highest shoot number (4.2 shoots/plantlet), and plantlets from 0.6 mg/L IAA + 1 mg/L BAP presented the highest shoot height (14.2 cm) similar to control plantlets (14.0 cm). The survival up to the ex-vitro acclimatization stage was increased from 9.8% (control) to 83.3%, when plants were treated with a paraffin solution. Nevertheless, the in vitro multiplication of golden samphire is a promising way for its rapid propagation and can be used as a nursery method, contributing to the development of this species as an alternative food and medicinal crop.
- Evaluation of biogenic amine and free fatty acid profiles during the manufacturing process of traditional dry-cured tunaPublication . Sánchez-Parra, Mónica; Lopez, Annalaura; Ordóñez-Díaz, José Luis; Rodríguez Solana, Raquel; Montenegro-Gómez, José Carlos; Pérez-Aparicio, Jesús; Moreno-Rojas, José ManuelThe aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the formation of biogenic amines and free fatty acids occurring during the manufacturing process of a traditional dry-cured product based on yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares (protected geographical indication—Mojama) and how the different processing stages could affect food safety aspects. The biogenic amines profile was determined by HPLC–DAD, following the official methodology, and free fatty acids were quantified by GC–MS. Histamine levels found in all stages of the manufacturing process did not exceed the maximum limits established in the European Commission (100–200 mg/kg) and US Food and Drug Administration (50 mg/kg) regulations. Other biogenic amines, such as cadaverine and putrescine, were detected at low level or below the limit of detection. Yellowfin tuna filets could be classified as lean fish flesh, presenting 1.18% fat on average. An increment in the free fatty acid fraction was evidenced along the manufacturing process, ranging from 10.37% of the total lipids in fresh loins to 16.88% in the dry-cured filet product. The results indicated that the traditional manufacturing process of mojama, consisting of salting and drying tuna loins kept at a controlled temperature, promoted a moderate lipolysis phenomenon, and the formation of free fatty acids with high proportions of unsaturated fatty acids, likely arising from the lipolysis of muscle phospholipids.