Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2024-04-17"
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- Anatomy of the olfactory system and potential role for chemical communication in the sound‐producing lusitanian toadfish, halobatrachus didactylusPublication . Modesto, Teresa; Gregório, Beatriz Neves; Marcelino, Gonçalo; Marquet, Nathalie; Costa, Rita; Guerreiro da Costa Guerreiro, Pedro Miguel; Velez, Zélia; Hubbard, PeterThe current study investigated the structure and function of the olfactory system of the Lusitanian toadfish, Halobatrachus didactylus, using histology and electrophysiology (electro-olfactogram [EOG]), respectively. The olfactory system consists of a digitated anterior peduncle, of unknown function, containing the inhalant nostril. This then leads to a U-shaped olfactory chamber with the olfactory epithelium-identified by G(alpha olf)-immunoreactivity-on the ventral surface. A large lacrimal sac is connected to this tube and is likely involved in generating water movement through the olfactory chamber (this species is largely sedentary). The exhalent nostril lies by the eye and is preceded by a bicuspid valve to ensure one-way flow of water. As do other teleosts, H. didactylus had olfactory sensitivity to amino acids and bile acids. Large-amplitude EOG responses were evoked by fluid from the anterior and posterior testicular accessory glands, and bile and intestinal fluids. Anterior gland and intestinal fluids from reproductive males were significantly more potent than those from non-reproductive males. Male urine and skin mucus proved to be the least potent body fluids tested. These results suggest that chemical communication-as well as acoustic communication-may be important in the reproduction of this species and that this may be mediated by the accessory glands and intestinal fluid.
- Editorial: the role of thyroid hormones in vertebrate development, volume IIPublication . Campinho, Marco António; Sachs, Laurent M.The thyroid hormone is an important signaling molecule system involved in vertebrate development, acting at the embryonic and post-embryonic levels (1). Although this has long been established, a detailed understanding of the thyroid hormone’s developmental action still needs to be fully understood. The present Frontiers in Endocrinology Research Topic aims to close this knowledge gap by bringing together a collection of papers addressing what is known and the challenges ahead on the role of thyroid hormones in vertebrate development, from teleosts to humans. The published manuscripts highlight the pivotal action of thyroid hormones in vertebrate neurodevelopment (Lee at al.; Ng et al.; O’Shaughnessy et al.; Richard et al.; Silva and Campinho; Valcárcel-Hernández et al.), post natal development in amphibians (8–10) and how thyroid disorders can affect human development (Ru et al.; SeyedAlinaghi et al.).
- Assessment of climate change impacts on rainfall and streamflow in the Alto Paranapanema Basin, BrazilPublication . Hucke, André Teixeira da Silva; Menegaz, Mateus Nardini; Isidoro, Jorge; Tiezzi, Rafael de OliveiraClimate change has the potential to fundamentally transform landscapes on a global scale. Leveraging advanced predictive modeling to enhance water resource management within the Alto Paranapanema Basin (Brazil), holds the potential to proactively anticipate challenges and alleviate the impacts and conflicts arising from this phenomenon. This is particularly important in a region boasting over 1,600 center-pivot irrigation systems. This study employs the Soil Moisture Accounting Procedure, a physical model, to simulate long-term climate datasets and flows. Future climate scenarios, rooted in the Representative Concentration Pathways, are developed through the downscaling of Global Climate Models. The findings reveal a temporal shift in rainfall patterns, characterized by a reduction during the wet season of up to -40% compared to the average historical rainfall, and an increase throughout the dry season up to 40% compared to the same historical, estimated by the Eta-BESM model. These changes present challenges regarding to water availability, hydroelectric generation, and agricultural sustainability. By fostering collaboration among different governmental entities responsible for the managements of basins and harnessing the potential of predictive models, this research advocates for the adoption of proactive strategies in management of water resources. These strategies are imperative to effectively counteract the far-reaching effects of climate change. HIGHLIGHTS center dot Impacts of climate change, with four Regional Climate Models and two Representative Concentration Pathways, in rainfall and river flow utilizing Soil Moisture Accounting Procedure as an analytical tool. center dot Watershed has a major impact on society around the river and downstream. center dot River flow changes could disrupt energy and water for those communities.
- Marine Isotope Stage 11c in Europe: recent advances in marine–terrestrial correlations and their implications for interglacial stratigraphy – a reviewPublication . Candy, Ian; Oliveira, Dulce; Parkes, Daniel; Sherriff, Jennifer; Thornalley, DavidThe interglacial known as MIS 11c (c. 426 000-396 000 years ago) receives intensive international interest because of its perceived role as an analogue for the current interglacial and its importance for understanding future climate change. Here we review the current understanding of the stratigraphy of this interglacial in Europe. This study considers (i) the evidence for the environmental history of this interglacial as reconstructed from the varved lake records from northern Europe, (ii) the climate history of MIS 11c as preserved in the long pollen records of southern Europe and (iii) a comparison of both of these with marine records from the North Atlantic. The result of this review is a discussion of the evidence for millennial and centennial scale climate change found in European records of MIS 11c, the patterns of warming that are seen across this interglacial and the discrepancy in aspects of the duration of this interglacial that seems to exist between the marine and terrestrial records of this warm period. A review of the recent advances in the study of MIS 11c in Europe confirms its importance for understanding both the past evolution of the Holocene and the future patterns of long-term climate change.