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- Renal screening sonography—a comparative study in a portuguese basic emergency servicePublication . Jiménez, Carmen; Barbancho, Narciso; Lobo, Manuel Duarte; João Mário Gonçalves; Corina Hasnas; Miravent, Sérgio; Figueiredo, Teresa; Almeida, Rui; Gomes, Carla Marisa; Ratusneac, IonRenal Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) is a screening modality that aids in clinical decision-making for patients with suspected renal colic. This study intends to compare the accuracy and pertinence of sonographic findings obtained by a sonographer in a Basic Emergency Service (BES) with the imaging findings at the Referral Hospital (RH). Methods: Thirty-one patients suspected of having renal pathology underwent initial sonography screening with POCUS at the BES and were subsequently referred to the RH for additional imaging examinations. The results of both examinations were compared to verify whether the findings from the BES were confirmed by the radiologist in the RH and to ensure that the patient referrals from BES to RH were appropriate. Results: In our sample, the majority of patients (80%) exhibited varying degrees of pyelocaliceal distension, with nearly half (48%) patients presenting obstructions. A strong association between the sonographic findings in the BES and the RH was found in the variables ‘Dilatation of pyelocaliceal system’ (V = 0.895; P = 0.00), ‘Simple cystic formation’ (V = 0.878; P = 0.000), respectively. There was a statistically significant correlation between BES and RH findings, indicating a strong association between these two variables, respectively (k = 0.890; P = 0.000) and (k = 0.870; P = 0.000). There was also a strong statistically significant correlation in the ultrasonographic findings between BES and RH performers (k = 0.890; P = 0.000 and k = 0.870; P = 0.000). In this research, an achieved sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 85% were demonstrated in the identification of pyelocaliceal dilatation. Conclusion: Renal POCUS screening successfully detected abnormalities in the urinary system of patients suspected of having renal colic. The sonographic findings at the BES had a good correlation with the complementary imaging results obtained at the RH in Portugal. These results suggest that Radiographers/Sonographers can have an important role in the preliminary assessment of urgent renal pathology in remote areas, contributing to a correct referral and early treatment.
- Sea turtle conservation in São Tomé and Príncipe: policies, practices, and insights from a community‐based initiativePublication . Ferreira, Rogério; Prazeres, Inocêncio A. dosUnifying research and conservation objectives with the needs of local populations demands a profound understanding of the field. This perspective provides a brief policy and social-cultural context for the conservation of endangered sea turtles in S & atilde;o Tom & eacute; and Pr & iacute;ncipe, Central Africa. It is illustrated by initiatives implemented from the 90s to the 2000s and complemented by a community-based intervention on Pr & iacute;ncipe Island (2010-2014). The intervention focused on awareness-raising, economic-alternatives, capacity-building, and surveillances to deter poaching, collect scientific data, and increase outreach. It contributed to reduce sea turtle exploitation, train local conservationists, and increase awareness to economic alternatives. Securing stakeholders' support is vital for success, and endeavors like this provide a cost-effective approach, aligning biodiversity conservation strategies with local values and aspirations. Overall, this perspective underscores that failure to collaborate with those involved in wildlife subsistence livelihoods often results in delays and setbacks in reducing exploitation, while modest investments in local stewardship can efficiently improve ecosystems and human well-being. This perspective provides a policy and social-cultural context for sea turtle conservation in S & atilde;o Tom & eacute; and Pr & iacute;ncipe and it is illustrated by a community-based initiative on the smaller island of Pr & iacute;ncipe. To achieve progress, it is not enough to legislate, effective enforcement, raising awareness, and demonstrating the economic benefits of nonconsumptive use of sea turtles to local communities and authorities are also essential. Overall, it is shown here how local stewardship can inform conservation science and practice, promote social justice, and efficiently improve both ecosystems and human well-being.
- An index of the economic dependence on TourismPublication . Bienvenido Ortega; Ribeiro, Manuel AlectorThis study proposes a methodology to construct a Tourism Economic Dependence Index for a sample of 144 countries spanning the period 1995-2019. This index aims to serve as a summary measure of countries' dependence on tourism while controlling for differences in economic development levels across countries. Findings suggest that an index value of 20% may be considered a threshold for identifying highly tourism-dependent countries. Furthermore, the results of the index indicate that economies have experienced a slight trend toward higher levels of dependence on tourism since the global financial crisis. However, estimates from a panel convergence model suggest that the hypothesis of convergence toward a common long-run equilibrium in index levels across countries can be rejected. Instead, different groups of countries converging toward the same long-run equilibrium level of the index have been identified.
- Challenges and insights in the measurement of clinical reasoning skills: Implications for instructional design and assessmentPublication . Collares, CarlosDear Editor Among the original contributions in the recent paper from Hornos et al. (2024), the introduction of cognitive diagnostic modelling (CDM) as an alternative to unidimensional item response theory (IRT) for evaluating clinical reasoning skills was a truly innovative step. Unidimensional IRT analysis of the data collected by Hornos et al. (2024) revealed a low percentage of explained variance, echoing a previous concern about its inherent reductionism (Collares, 2023). While IRT is suitable for ranking students and adjusting scores to different difficulty levels, it falls short in providing nuanced insights compared to CDM. CDM’s ability to offer skill-specific feedback and accommodate the multidimensional complexity of clinical reasoning makes it a compelling choice.
- The use of ChatGPT in chemistry: the bibliometric analysisPublication . Fonseca, CustódiaChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transforme) is a recent technology developed by OpenAI that interacts in a conversational way to user prompts. This tool was released in November 2022 and was immediately seen by someone’s as a threat to integrity regarding student assessment, and by others as an ally in teaching/learning and research. This article aims to provide an overview about ChatGPT and Education through a bibliometric analysis from 2023 to January 2024. An analysis and review of ChatGPT and chemistry education is also carried out. The results show that the USA has more authors with publications on the topic and Medicine / Health is the major area. When it comes to Chemistry Education, the 12 publications on the topic consider Chat GPT a tool to be used, but the answers given in ChatGPT must be verified as there is a high percentage of errors and inaccuracies.
- First-year higher education student environmental literacy – the Algarve University casePublication . Oliveira Campos, Clarice; Silva Fernandes, Maria Jacinta; Gonçalves, Gabriela; Sousa, Cátia; Spínola, HélderThe study aims to contribute to characterizing the environmental literacy profile of students entering higher education in Portugal and to explore associations between sociodemographic variables and environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. A questionnaire survey was conducted with a stratified sample of 451 first-year undergraduate students from the University of the Algarve (southern Portugal). Results suggest that students demonstrated moderate environmental knowledge, positive attitudes toward the environment, and moderately positive pro-environmental behaviors. Evidence of relationships between students' environmental literacy profiles and sociodemographic aspects such as gender and scientific areas of study provides insights for future discussions and promotion of environmental education and culture in higher education institutions in Portugal. This will enable them to play an effective role in enhancing students' environmental literacy and citizenship.