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- Gene expression response of Chondrilla nucula to a simulated marine heat wave eventPublication . Paone, Carlotta; Castilho, Rita; Kaitetzidou, ElisavetSessile marine organisms are particularly susceptible to stress conditions due to their reduced mobility. The identification of early biomarkers in response to climate change scenarios as indicators for stress thresholds can provide fundamental understanding in prevention of necrosis or symbiotic disruptions between and within species. Porifera have shown incredible evolutionary adaptability, and are integrated into diverse marine ecosystems, playing important roles in their functioning. Chondrilla nucula Shmidt 1862, a marine sponge, represents an abundant population within the benthic community of the Mediterranean Sea. mRNA sequencing and de novo transcriptome assembly techniques were implemented on this non-model species in order to investigate the gene expression dynamics of Chondrilla nucula in response to elevated temperatures, simulating a recent marine heat wave event. Differential expression and functional annotation analysis has induced the expression of genes involved in metabolic activity, binding processes, and regulation of biological functions. This has provided insight into the mechanisms of stress response and adaptation, which may contribute to better management and conservation of sponge ecosystems under future climate conditions.