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- Distinct seasonal changes and precession forcing of surface and subsurface temperatures in the mid-latitudinal North Atlantic during the onset of the Late PliocenePublication . Pang, Xiaolei; Voelker, Antje; Lu, Sihua; Ding, XuanThe Late Pliocene marks the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation (iNHG), offering a unique opportunity to study climate evolution and ice-sheet-related feedback mechanisms. In this study, we present high-resolution Mg / Ca-based sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and subsurface temperatures (SubTs) derived from the foraminiferal species Globigerinoides ruber and Globorotalia hirsuta, respectively, at the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 306 Site U1313 in the mid-latitudinal North Atlantic during the early Late Pliocene, 3.65-3.37 million years ago (Ma). We find distinct differences between our new G. ruber Mg / Ca-based SST record and previously published alkenone-based SST records from the same location. These discrepancies in both absolute values and variations highlight distinctly different seasonal influences on the proxies. The G. ruber Mg / Ca-based SST data were primarily influenced by local summer insolation, showing a dominant precession cycle. Conversely, the variations in alkenone-based SST, dominated by the obliquity and lacking the precession cycle, are found to be more indicative of cold-season changes, despite previous interpretations of these records as reflecting annual mean temperatures. A simultaneous decline in Mg / Ca-based SST and SubT records from 3.65 to 3.5 Ma suggests a diminished poleward oceanic heat transport, implying a weakening of the North Atlantic Current (NAC). A comparison with Early Pleistocene G. ruber Mg / Ca-based SST records shows a shift in the dominant climatic cycle from precession to obliquity, alongside a marked increase in amplitude, indicating an enhanced influence of obliquity cycles correlated with the expansion of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets.
- Fully protected marine areas linked to reduced home ranges of fishesPublication . Ohayon, Sarah; Abecasis, David; Almeida, Pedro R.; Alós, Josep; Aspillaga, Eneko; Belo, Ana Filipa; Costa, José Lino; Di Franco, Antonio; Di Lorenzo, Manfredi; Ferguson, Adrian; Guidetti, Paolo; Kraft, Sebastian; La Mesa, Gabriele; Olsen, Esben Moland; Parsons, Darren; Pickholtz, Renanel; Quintella, Bernardo R.; Silva, Ana Filipa; Taylor, Brett M.; Villegas‐Ríos, David; Belmaker, JonathanHome range size is a fundamental trait that can affect the probability of fish being harvested and, at the same time, may be affected by fishing. The relationship between home range size and fishing will impact the effectiveness of fully protected areas (FPAs), as it will influence the number of fish moving into fished areas, affecting both spillover and edge effects. One hypothesis is that individuals within FPAs will present reduced home range size relative to individuals in fished areas. This pattern can be driven by demographic selection (e.g. fishing of individuals with large home ranges leaving the FPAs), improved habitat requiring less foraging movements, or behavioural changes associated with reduced fishing threats. To test the relationship between home range size and protection, we compiled 1143 individual-level home range sizes based on acoustic tracking, covering 17 species from 11 FPAs in 7 countries, with information on distance from FPA borders. A dichotomic analysis (in/out of FPAs) did not support a significant change in the home range size between FPAs and fished areas. However, continuous analysis across the FPA borders demonstrated reduced home range size within the FPAs. We did not find an effect of FPA age or size on this pattern. While we cannot pinpoint the underlying mechanism for the pattern revealed, we suggest behavioural changes as the main driver for reduced home range within FPAs. This mechanism will lead to more resident populations within FPAs, reducing fishing mortality within FPAs yet limiting spillover benefits to adjacent fisheries.
- Assessment of supercell storm-induced uprooting of amenity trees—monetization of environmental and socio-economic lossesPublication . Ljubojević, Mirjana; Buča, Bojana; Šarac, Veljko; Narandžić, Tijana; Panagopoulos, ThomasAmenity trees contribute to the overall quality of urban environments and are valued for their beauty and the benefits they bring to communities. However, the assessment of this capital commonly concludes with considerations of its vitality and decorativeness. Thus, this research provided a monetary assessment of losses caused by the supercell storm-induced uprooting of trees growing in three public green spaces utilized by the most vulnerable population (children aged 3-18 years). For these purposes, the Council of Tree and Landscape Appraisers (CTLA) formula was applied taking into account growth parameters, species dependence, and the specimens' condition and location. Prices from national and European nurseries were utilized to obtain appropriate base values. The results indicate that the total appraised monetary loss amounted to EUR 495,864 (national) and EUR 1,528,481 (European prices). The species P. nigra, B. alba, T. tomentosa, F. excelsior, A. saccharinum, P. occidentalis, and P. cerasifera showed lower uprooting resistance with no clear species-specific responses, but there was an interaction of biotic, abiotic, and artificial influences. Understanding the complex factors influencing tree stability is crucial for urban planners and arborists to mitigate storm- and wind-related risks. Collaborative planning and participatory management are essential for safeguarding both economic and environmental interests and ensuring the safety of vulnerable populations in outdoor spaces.