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- Determinants of psychological adjustment of institutionalized adolescents: a systematic reviewPublication . Simão, Ana; dos Santos, Rita Alexandra Mendes; Brás, Marta; Nunes, CristinaBackground Adolescents in residential care present a greater risk of developing various problems in several domains compared to adolescents residing with their biological families. Psychological adjustment is an emerging area of investigation with this particularly vulnerable population to understand the factors that underlie the difficulties youths present within this context. Objective The present study aimed to contribute to recognizing these factors through a systematic literature review following the PRISMA guidelines. Methods A search was conducted in seven databases (Academic Search Complete, MEDLINE, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, PsycINFO, Web of Science, PsycArticles, Scopus), and quantitative studies from the last thirty years were included. RESULTS: Of the initial 8,174 articles identified, 64 were included, and all the studies were qualitatively assessed with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Four categories of factors influencing psychological adjustment were identified: personal characteristics, social characteristics, caregiving, and adjustment problems. Most of the studies were cross-sectional and published in European countries. Conclusions The present review contributes to the research on the psychological adjustment of adolescents in residential care by providing an update and supplementing the previous systematic reviews. The proposed organization of the different factors and domains found in publications allowed us to analyze in detail what most impacted these youths' psychological adjustment. Practical and institutional implications for professionals working with this population are discussed, as well as the limitations to overcome in future studies.
- Exploring the relationship between daily sedentary time and occurrence of multimorbidity in middle-aged and older adults: results from ELSI-BrazilPublication . Cordeiro, Jéssica Fernanda Corrêa; Santos, André Pereira dos; Bohn, Lucimere; Sebastião, Emerson; Marchiori, Gianna Fiori; Gomide, Euripedes Barsanulfo Gonçalves; Castro-Piñero, Jose; Florindo, Alex Antonio; Mota, Jorge; Lopes Machado, Dalmo RobertoAimTo explore the relationship between varying durations of sedentary time (ST) in hours per day and multimorbidity, while considering covariates such as non-compliance to moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) recommendations, age, sex, and smoking in middle-aged and older adults.MethodsData from the first wave (2015-2016) of the nationally-representative Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil) were analyzed. Ordinary regression analysis was utilized to assess the odds ratio for individuals with varying daily ST durations concerning the escalation in the number of diseases while accounting for covariates such as failure to meet MVPA recommendations, age, sex, and smoking status.ResultsA cohort of 7,314 individuals aged 50-105 years (56,3% females) participated in the study. The most prevalent occurrence of multimorbidity was having 2 conditions (1521/19.3%). A clear trend emerges, showing a rise in the number of multimorbidities as ST increase. Notably, individuals engaging in less than 4 h of daily ST exhibited a significantly lower likelihood of experiencing an increase in the total number of multimorbidity cases, with an odds ratio of 0.842 and a confidence interval of 0.764 to 0.928, even after adjusting for potential covariables.ConclusionsOur findings indicate a progressive increase in multimorbidity with longer durations of ST. Moreover, limiting ST to less than 4 h daily was associated with a lower chance of multimorbidity.