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- Fine scale behaviour of Labrus bergylta in the National Park Illas Atlánticas of Galicia (NW Spain)Publication . Brand, Lukas; Fernández, Alexandre Alonso; Abecasis, DavidUnderstanding the spatial ecology and behaviour of coastal fishes is critical for the design of marine protected areas (MPAs). Acoustic telemetry, combined with advanced modelling approaches, provides high-resolution insights into residency, activity, and habitat use, key information for a proper design of spatial protection measures. In this study, we acoustically tracked fifteen Labrus bergylta individuals over more than two years within the Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park, generating over 4.5 million detections. After filtering and excluding fate dates, valid trajectories were reconstructed using Continuous-Time Correlated Random Walk models, yielding more than 3.1 million estimated positions. Residency analyses revealed that 67% (10) of individuals exhibited very high site fidelity (IWR ≥ 0.95), while others showed intermediate fidelity with occasional excursions beyond the array. Only one fish displayed virtually no residency. Estimated activity spaces ranged from 6,870 to 23,120 m², with daytime ranges significantly larger than at night and peaking in late spring–summer, reflecting reproductive activity. Swimming speed was positively related to bottom temperature and showed seasonal variation as well as crepuscular peaks. Hidden Markov Models distinguished two behavioural states (resting vs. active), with an average activity budget of 56.5% resting and 43.5% active. State transitions were influenced by diel cycle and habitat type, though with strong inter-individual variability. Revisitation patterns revealed long-term fidelity to a small number of discrete core areas, located on rocky substrates and often shared across day and night. Overall, L. bergylta exhibited a dual movement strategy of strong site fidelity interspersed with occasional exploratory excursions. These findings confirm the importance of structurally complex hard-bottom habitats as persistent refuges and support the effectiveness of fixed spatial protections. By linking fine-scale behaviour with habitat use over extended timescales, this study advances the ecological understanding of temperate reef fishes and provides robust evidence to inform the management and evaluation of coastal MPAs.