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  • Psychometric examination of the prosocial behavior scale and its associations with antisocial variables among portuguese youth
    Publication . Pechorro, Pedro; Pereira, Solange; Nunes, Cristina; DeLisi, Matt; Simões, Mário R.
    Prosocial behavior is altruistic conduct devoted to benefitting others, benefitting one’s community, and reinforcing conventional behaviors that serve a public good. The aim of the present study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Prosocial Behavior Scale (PBS) among male and female Portuguese youth participants (N = 559 youth, M = 16.51 years, SD = 1.07, range = 14–20 years). A two-factor intercorrelated model obtained the best fits, and the fits of a second-order model were also acceptable. Internal consistency as measured by the alpha and omega reliability estimators was good. Significant associations were found with psychometric measures of relevant constructs (e.g. self-control, psychopathic traits, criminogenic cognitions), and external criterion-related variables (e.g. engaging in illegal activities, alcohol and drug abuse). Cross-gender measurement invariance was established, with females scoring significantly higher than males on the PBS and its factors. Our findings support the use of the PBS as a valid and reliable measure of prosociality.
    2025-09-15Journal article Restricted access Show more
  • Long-term predictive accuracy of the ‘mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease’ criteria
    Publication . Cardoso, Sandra; Montalvo, Alexandre; Maroco, João; Silva, Dina; Alves, Luísa; Guerreiro, Manuela; Mendonça, Alexandre de
    Background: The development and clinical use of biomarkers has dramatically changed the framework of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) management, allowing the diagnosis at the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage. In 2015 we compared the prevalence and prognosis of AD at the MCI stage according to different criteria available at that time, and we found that the National Institute of Aging-Alzheimer Association (NIA-AA) criteria provided higher predictive accuracy for AD dementia after 3 years. Since then, we adopted these criteria in clinical practice. Objective: To evaluate the long-term predictive accuracy of the ‘MCI due to AD - high likelihood’ criteria by taking advantage from an extended follow-up in a memory clinic setting. Methods: Patients were diagnosed according to the ‘MCI due to AD - high likelihood’ criteria and followed up until conversion to dementia. Results: One hundred and fourteen patients with ‘MCI due to AD - high likelihood’ were enrolled in the study and followed-up for 3.0±1.8 [0.4–8.3] years. During the follow-up 106 (93.0%) patients progressed to dementia, 2 (1.8%) had stroke, 6 (5.3%) died, and none remained in MCI or reverted to normal cognitive status. The average survival time remaining in MCI, analyzed with Kaplan-Meier curve, was 3.2 (95% CI 2.9–3.6) years. Using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model, patients with higher Mini-Mental State Examination kept the MCI status longer. Conclusions: The diagnostic criteria of NIA-AA ‘MCI due to AD - high likelihood’ have an excellent long-term predictive accuracy in a memory clinic setting.
    2025-09-15Journal article Open access Show more