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- Examining identity and perceived risk on technology acceptance and behavioural intentions of fans: an extended TAM perspectivePublication . Shuya, Zhao; Ribeiro, Tiago; Almeida, VictorPurpose – The rise of digital innovations in the sports industry has led to the growing adoption of fan tokens, offering sports organisations new ways to engage with their fans. As these digital assets gain traction, understanding the factorsthat influence their acceptance becomesincreasingly critical. Thus, thisstudy usesthe Technology Acceptance Model to explore the roles of fan identity and the perceived risk in shaping fan token acceptance and aims to examine their effect on the behavioural intentions of football fans. Design/methodology/approach – Data were gathered from a sample of football fans (n 5 360) representing eight Brazilian clubs that issue official fan tokens through the Socios.com platform. Structural equation modelling was employed to test the hypothesized relationships within the proposed framework with bootstrapping techniques applied to assess the robustness of the estimates and examine the mediating effects of key variables on behavioural intentions. Findings – The results highlight the key role of TAM in predicting fan token adoption. Technological acceptance emerged as a strong predictor of both word-of-mouth communication and fan purchase intentions. Fan identity demonstrated a significant positive influence on fan token acceptance and purchase intention. Moreover, fan token acceptance was found to mediate the relationship between fan identity and behavioural intentions, indicating that fans with strong identification are more likely to adopt tokens from their sports clubs. Originality/value – This study advances theoretical understanding by incorporating fan identity, trust and perceived risk into the extended TAM framework. Our findings highlight the critical importance of trustbuilding strategies and effective risk mitigation in promoting fan adoption of technology and strengthening their behavioural intentions. The fan token industry should recognize the well-established and mediating role of technological acceptance while strengthening trust and leveraging fan identity to build deeper, value-driven connections.
- EEG-based neurofeedback in athletes and non-athletes: a scoping review of outcomes and methodologiesPublication . Guerreiro Zacarias, Rui Manuel; Bulathwatta, Darshika Thejani; Bidzan-Bluma, Ilona; Neves de Jesus, Saúl; Correia, JoaoBackground: Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive technique that records millisecond-scale cortical electrical activity using scalp electrodes. In EEG-based neurofeedback (NFB), these signals are processed to provide real-time feedback that supports self-regulation of targeted brain rhythms; evidence suggests improvements in cognitive and neurophysiological performance in athletes and non-athletes. However, methodological inconsistencies—such as limited blinding, poor sham control, and outdated approaches to EEG spectral analysis—restrict reproducibility and hinder cumulative progress in the field. Methods: This scoping review aimed to identify and analyze the methodological characteristics, outcome measures, and reproducibility gaps in EEG-based NFB studies involving athletes and non-athletes. Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we systematically searched academic databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library), as well as gray literature sources (ProQuest Dissertations, LILACS, Tripdatabase, and Google Scholar). Of 48 included studies, 44 were published in international peer-reviewed journals and 4 in regional journals. Data were extracted on study design, participant population, NFB protocols, targeted EEG rhythms, cognitive and neurophysiological outcomes, and methodological rigor. Results: The review revealed substantial heterogeneity in targeted rhythms, protocols, and reporting standards. None of the studies employed modern spectral parameterization methods (e.g., FOOOF), while only 29% used active sham protocols and 6% employed inert sham conditions. Reporting blinding procedures and follow-up assessments was limited or absent in most studies. Discussion: This review highlights critical methodological shortcomings that may bias interpretations of NFB effects in sport and cognitive domains. To strengthen future research, studies should rigorously implement sham and blinding procedures, ensure transparent reporting of EEG metrics, and adopt open-science practices, including modern approaches to spectral parameterization.
- Immunomodulatory effects of dietary methionine supplementation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles: insights following vaccination and infection response against Yersinia ruckeriPublication . Carvalho, Inês; Schoninger, Felipe Bolgenhagen; Pereira da Cunha, André; Peixoto, Diogo; Brito, Francisca; Simões, Luara; Vaz, Mariana; Stensballe, Allan; Ferreira, Inês; Santos, Paulo; Tafalla, Carolina; Machado, Marina; Costas, BenjamínMethionine, an essential amino acid, participates in various pathways with implications for the immune system. Recent evidence suggests that it may support both innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. In the present study, it was hypothesized that dietary methionine supplementation prior to vaccination may be a promising strategy to improve vaccine efficacy. Hence, the current research aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary methionine supplementation on the immune status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles, its role in modulating immune responses, as well as its potential synergistic effects with a commercial vaccine. To this end, fish were fed either a control diet (CTRL), meeting the methionine requirements of the species, or a methioninesupplemented diet (MET). After 4 weeks, half of the fish within each dietary group were either dip-vaccinated against Yersinia ruckeri (vaccinated) or left unvaccinated (naïve). Twenty-one days post-vaccination, during which fish continued on their respective dietary treatment, fish were intraperitoneally challenged with Y. ruckeri or injected with HBSS to serve as a control. Bacterial load in gills, posterior gut and spleen tissues, hematological parameters, differential cell counts, hepatic metabolites and antioxidant defenses, gene expression in the head-kidney and liver tissues, and plasma proteomic profiles were assessed following feeding trial and immunization period, and at early time points post-infection. Mortality was also monitored. Naïve fish exhibited a higher prevalence of Y. ruckeri, along with increased expression of pro-inflammatory and innate immune genes compared to their vaccinated counterparts. In contrast, vaccinated fish appeared to resolve the infection more rapidly, possibly through an early and heightened production of reactive oxygen species. In naïve fish, methionine supplementation appeared to impair antioxidant defenses and prolong immune activation, potentially contributing to the higher bacterial burden and reduced survival observed in this group. Differences between the two vaccinated groups were subtle, with no mortality recorded in either. However, proteomic analyses at 24 h post-infection revealed distinct responses, with MET-fed vaccinated fish exhibiting an increase in hemostasisrelated proteins, while CTRL-fed vaccinated fish showed a response more akin to pre-infection groups. Methionine supplementation in combination with vaccination appeared to promote slightly faster pathogen clearance.