Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2025-11-03"
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- Examining identity and perceived risk on technology acceptance and behavioural intentions of fans: an extended TAM perspectivePublication . Shuya, Zhao; Ribeiro, Tiago; Almeida, VictorPurpose – The rise of digital innovations in the sports industry has led to the growing adoption of fan tokens, offering sports organisations new ways to engage with their fans. As these digital assets gain traction, understanding the factorsthat influence their acceptance becomesincreasingly critical. Thus, thisstudy usesthe Technology Acceptance Model to explore the roles of fan identity and the perceived risk in shaping fan token acceptance and aims to examine their effect on the behavioural intentions of football fans. Design/methodology/approach – Data were gathered from a sample of football fans (n 5 360) representing eight Brazilian clubs that issue official fan tokens through the Socios.com platform. Structural equation modelling was employed to test the hypothesized relationships within the proposed framework with bootstrapping techniques applied to assess the robustness of the estimates and examine the mediating effects of key variables on behavioural intentions. Findings – The results highlight the key role of TAM in predicting fan token adoption. Technological acceptance emerged as a strong predictor of both word-of-mouth communication and fan purchase intentions. Fan identity demonstrated a significant positive influence on fan token acceptance and purchase intention. Moreover, fan token acceptance was found to mediate the relationship between fan identity and behavioural intentions, indicating that fans with strong identification are more likely to adopt tokens from their sports clubs. Originality/value – This study advances theoretical understanding by incorporating fan identity, trust and perceived risk into the extended TAM framework. Our findings highlight the critical importance of trustbuilding strategies and effective risk mitigation in promoting fan adoption of technology and strengthening their behavioural intentions. The fan token industry should recognize the well-established and mediating role of technological acceptance while strengthening trust and leveraging fan identity to build deeper, value-driven connections.
- EEG-based neurofeedback in athletes and non-athletes: a scoping review of outcomes and methodologiesPublication . Guerreiro Zacarias, Rui Manuel; Bulathwatta, Darshika Thejani; Bidzan-Bluma, Ilona; Neves de Jesus, Saúl; Correia, JoaoBackground: Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive technique that records millisecond-scale cortical electrical activity using scalp electrodes. In EEG-based neurofeedback (NFB), these signals are processed to provide real-time feedback that supports self-regulation of targeted brain rhythms; evidence suggests improvements in cognitive and neurophysiological performance in athletes and non-athletes. However, methodological inconsistencies—such as limited blinding, poor sham control, and outdated approaches to EEG spectral analysis—restrict reproducibility and hinder cumulative progress in the field. Methods: This scoping review aimed to identify and analyze the methodological characteristics, outcome measures, and reproducibility gaps in EEG-based NFB studies involving athletes and non-athletes. Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we systematically searched academic databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library), as well as gray literature sources (ProQuest Dissertations, LILACS, Tripdatabase, and Google Scholar). Of 48 included studies, 44 were published in international peer-reviewed journals and 4 in regional journals. Data were extracted on study design, participant population, NFB protocols, targeted EEG rhythms, cognitive and neurophysiological outcomes, and methodological rigor. Results: The review revealed substantial heterogeneity in targeted rhythms, protocols, and reporting standards. None of the studies employed modern spectral parameterization methods (e.g., FOOOF), while only 29% used active sham protocols and 6% employed inert sham conditions. Reporting blinding procedures and follow-up assessments was limited or absent in most studies. Discussion: This review highlights critical methodological shortcomings that may bias interpretations of NFB effects in sport and cognitive domains. To strengthen future research, studies should rigorously implement sham and blinding procedures, ensure transparent reporting of EEG metrics, and adopt open-science practices, including modern approaches to spectral parameterization.