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- Molecular mechanisms of lignans in lowering blood pressure and anti-obesity effects: a reviewPublication . Das, Gitishree; Gonçalves, Sandra; Heredia, José Basilio; Leyva-López, Nayely; Romano, Anabela; Paramithiotis, Spiros; Shin, Han-Seung; Patra, Jayanta KumarLignans are naturally occurring compounds found in a wide variety of plant species, including flaxseed, soybean, pumpkin seed, broccoli, sesame seed, and some berries. Lignans have been used for centuries in both food and traditional herbal medicine. Recently, numerous new lignans and lignan derivatives with diverse biological properties have been identified. Lignans are considered promising for human health due to their hydrogendonating antioxidant activity together with their ability to complex divalent transition metal cations. They have demonstrated beneficial effects for cardiovascular disease, as well as in maintaining blood glucose levels, supporting cardiac health, promoting anti-obesity effects, decreasing the risk of renal diseases, enhancing brain function, improving skin and gut health, among others. This review explores the biosynthesis and biological effects of lignans, with a particular focus on their antihypertensive and anti-obesity properties, as well as the molecular mechanisms involved. It also highlights recent advances in sustainable lignan extraction techniques that are suitable for human use. The mechanisms underlying these bioactivities are thought to involve hormonal metabolism and availability, antioxidant action, modulation of angiogenesis, and more. However, further research is needed to fully elucidate the molecular pathways through which lignans exert their therapeutic effects. Overall, lignans from various plant sources hold significant potential for application in functional foods, dietary supplements, and pharmaceutical products aimed at preventing and managing a range of health conditions, including hypertension and obesity.
- Cold agglutinin syndrome in a patient with metastatic breast cancer: a Case reportPublication . Bandarra, Daniel; Rochate, Dina; Gosalbez, Beatriz; Ferreira, José; Cunha, Nidia Maltez; Carvalhal, SaraBackground: Cold agglutinin syndrome (CAS) is a form of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), most often associated with lymphoproliferative disorders or infections. Its occurrence in breast cancer is rare and may be triggered by systemic treatment. Case presentation: We report the case of a woman in their fifties diagnosed with breast cancer in 2019. She underwent surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy and subsequently received 3 years of endocrine therapy before developing bone and hepatic metastases. First-line treatment with ribociclib plus letrozole achieved partial response, and fulvestrant was administered at progression. Following further progression, paclitaxel was introduced as third-line metastatic therapy. After four weekly administrations, the patient was admitted to our hospital with severe anemia and diagnosed with CAS. Prompt management and a multidisciplinary approach resulted in partial hematological recovery. Nevertheless, paclitaxel was permanently discontinued, and subsequent therapies provided only transient benefit. The disease continued to progress, her performance status declined, and she ultimately transitioned to exclusive palliative care until death. Conclusion: This case illustrates a rare and severe immune complication of paclitaxel in metastatic breast cancer. The emergence of CAS not only limited systemic options but also reshaped the therapeutic trajectory, highlighting the need for close monitoring during cancer treatments. Early recognition, multidisciplinary approach, and prompt management can provide some improvement, although overall prognosis remains determined by the underlying malignancy.
- Palaeoenvironments, stratigraphy and taphonomy of an Upper Triassic vertebrate-bearing unit, Silves Group, central Algarve, southern PortugalPublication . Ruciński, Maciej; Ezquerro Ruiz, Lope; Campos, Hugo; Mateus, Octávio; Fernandes, Paulo; Vilas-Boas, Margarida; Atfy, Haytham El; Werneburg, IngmarTriassic to Lower Jurassic deposits known as the Silves Group in the Algarve, southernPortugal, have been studied for over 150 years. However, many of this unit’s sedimento-logical, stratigraphical, and palaeontological aspects remain poorly documented. Here, we present novel observations on sedimentology, stratigraphy, taphonomy, and fauna atthe Rocha da Pena site, located in the central part of the Algarve Basin. The investigatedsequence is established to correspond to the upper part of the Silves Group. The mud-stone, calcrete, and palustrine carbonate facies comprise most of the sequence thicknessand are interpreted as having been deposited within coastal alluvial mudflats to palus-trine settings under semi-arid and seasonal climates. The overlying siltstone and sand-stone facies indicate an environmental shift towards tidally influenced environments,subsequently covered by the latest Triassic to earliest Jurassic volcaniclastics and basalticlava flows. Furthermore, novel faunal elements, including actinopterygian and union-oid bivalves, are described from mudstone layers. New fossiliferous beds are identifiedwithin palustrine facies that yield numerous but poorly preserved materials assigned tocyamodontoid placodonts, hybodont sharks, and actinopterygians. The poor preserva-tion of the remains is attributed to the pedogenetic processes prevalent in the palustrinedepositional setting. A distinct faunal composition between the mudstone and palustrinefacies is observed. It is preliminarily hypothesized to be likely linked with salinity fluctu-ations, but sampling bias cannot currently be excluded. The recovered vertebrate faunaaligns most closely with the Carnian and, to a lesser extent, the Norian fossil record.Nonetheless, the precise age of the fossil-bearing levels remains uncertain and can cur-rently be reliably constrained to the upper Carnian–Rhaetian interval. Consequently,this work provides new insights into the palaeoenvironmental evolution of the westernTethys margin during the Late Triassic and highlights the relevance of the Silves Groupin reconstructing coastal-continental ecosystem dynamics in southwestern Iberia.