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- Molecular mechanisms of lignans in lowering blood pressure and anti-obesity effects: a reviewPublication . Das, Gitishree; Gonçalves, Sandra; Heredia, José Basilio; Leyva-López, Nayely; Romano, Anabela; Paramithiotis, Spiros; Shin, Han-Seung; Patra, Jayanta KumarLignans are naturally occurring compounds found in a wide variety of plant species, including flaxseed, soybean, pumpkin seed, broccoli, sesame seed, and some berries. Lignans have been used for centuries in both food and traditional herbal medicine. Recently, numerous new lignans and lignan derivatives with diverse biological properties have been identified. Lignans are considered promising for human health due to their hydrogendonating antioxidant activity together with their ability to complex divalent transition metal cations. They have demonstrated beneficial effects for cardiovascular disease, as well as in maintaining blood glucose levels, supporting cardiac health, promoting anti-obesity effects, decreasing the risk of renal diseases, enhancing brain function, improving skin and gut health, among others. This review explores the biosynthesis and biological effects of lignans, with a particular focus on their antihypertensive and anti-obesity properties, as well as the molecular mechanisms involved. It also highlights recent advances in sustainable lignan extraction techniques that are suitable for human use. The mechanisms underlying these bioactivities are thought to involve hormonal metabolism and availability, antioxidant action, modulation of angiogenesis, and more. However, further research is needed to fully elucidate the molecular pathways through which lignans exert their therapeutic effects. Overall, lignans from various plant sources hold significant potential for application in functional foods, dietary supplements, and pharmaceutical products aimed at preventing and managing a range of health conditions, including hypertension and obesity.
- Cold agglutinin syndrome in a patient with metastatic breast cancer: a Case reportPublication . Bandarra, Daniel; Rochate, Dina; Gosalbez, Beatriz; Ferreira, José; Cunha, Nidia Maltez; Carvalhal, SaraBackground: Cold agglutinin syndrome (CAS) is a form of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), most often associated with lymphoproliferative disorders or infections. Its occurrence in breast cancer is rare and may be triggered by systemic treatment. Case presentation: We report the case of a woman in their fifties diagnosed with breast cancer in 2019. She underwent surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy and subsequently received 3 years of endocrine therapy before developing bone and hepatic metastases. First-line treatment with ribociclib plus letrozole achieved partial response, and fulvestrant was administered at progression. Following further progression, paclitaxel was introduced as third-line metastatic therapy. After four weekly administrations, the patient was admitted to our hospital with severe anemia and diagnosed with CAS. Prompt management and a multidisciplinary approach resulted in partial hematological recovery. Nevertheless, paclitaxel was permanently discontinued, and subsequent therapies provided only transient benefit. The disease continued to progress, her performance status declined, and she ultimately transitioned to exclusive palliative care until death. Conclusion: This case illustrates a rare and severe immune complication of paclitaxel in metastatic breast cancer. The emergence of CAS not only limited systemic options but also reshaped the therapeutic trajectory, highlighting the need for close monitoring during cancer treatments. Early recognition, multidisciplinary approach, and prompt management can provide some improvement, although overall prognosis remains determined by the underlying malignancy.