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- Assessment of European health professionals’ educational needs in basic principles of geriatric medicine: a focus group qualitative analysis from the PROGRAMMING COST Action 21122Publication . Frost, Rachael; Viegas, Ana; Tsamasiotis, Georgios-Konstantinos; Gugu, Mitilda; Mougakou, Efterpi; Savas, Sumru; Kupis, Robert; Piotrowicz, Karolina; Arranhado, Susana Ganhão; Farinha, Ana; Herghelegiu, Anna Marie; Bajenaru, Ovidiu Lucian; Nuta, Catalina Raluca; Fonseca, João; Rudzińska, Anna; Popov, Vesna; Milosavljevikj, Pavlinka; Sakellari, Vasiliki; Yilmaz, Nilufer Demiral; Przybył, Helena Lesz; Prada, Ana Gabriela; Tampaki, Maria; Pérez, Laura M.; Martín, Yolanda Barrado; Avgerinou, Christina; Hadziabdic, Maja Ortner; Christakou, Anna; Moumtzi, Eleni; Arsov, Stefan; Rodeles, Santiago Cotobal; Kravvariti, Evrydiki; Kotsani, Marina; Yellon, TamarPurposeIn many countries, geriatrics is still emerging as a speciality, with limited training options for healthcare professionals (HCPs). This international qualitative study aimed to explore the geriatric educational needs of HCPs, focussing on countries where geriatric medicine (GM) is emerging or underdeveloped.MethodsFourteen focus groups (n = 125 participants, 82% female, mean age 41.6 years) were carried out representing ten European countries and a range of HCPs and settings. Focus group discussions were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and inductively coded in the original language. Codes were aggregated into a shared English codebook applied to all transcripts. Descriptive and subsequently analytical themes were then developed.ResultsThree themes were identified. (1) Current experiences of geriatric care: participants described caring for older adults as medically and socially complex, requiring strong communication skills and interprofessional collaboration. (2) Structural and contextual challenges: limited staffing, fragmented care pathways, and GM's emerging status hindered effective care delivery. (3) Uncertainties and unmet training needs: key uncertainties included distinguishing ageing from disease, applying assessment tools, recognising red flags, and safe medication management. Participants emphasised the need for practical training during undergraduate studies, standardised interprofessional courses for non-specialists, and structural support (e.g. accessible programmes, protected time for training).ConclusionCurrently, geriatrics training is limited and there are multiple contextual challenges, especially in countries with emerging GM. There is significant unmet need for HCP basic training in GM. Our study contributes to an empirical basis for developing relevant and feasible GM training for HCPs. Structural support is needed for these initiatives.
- Adapting mediterranean agroforestry to global change: trade-offs and lessons from the montadoPublication . Fatahi, Nour-Elhouda; Pinto-Correia, Teresa; Ferreira da Silva da Costa Freitas, Maria de Belém; Marques, João Tiago; Belhouchette, HatemThe Montado, a traditional Mediterranean agro-silvopastoral system, has historically sustained ecological and economic functions through the integration of trees, livestock, and crops. Today, its multifunctionality is increasingly threatened by climate variability, market volatility, and evolving policy frameworks. While previous research has examined Montado dynamics at landscape or plot scales, less attention has been paid to sustainability trajectories at the farm level, where management decisions are made. This study bridges that gap by assessing the sustainability dynamics of farms through a participatory, typology based, scenario approach grounded in a regional typology. We characterized three representative farm archetypes (forestry-focused, mixed agro-silvopastoral, and livestock-focused) and evaluated their trajectories under plausible future scenarios driven by climate, market, and policy pressures. Scenario outcomes were assessed using expert-based scoring (five-point scale), revealing score differences of up to two points across sustainability dimensions between farm archetypes and scenarios. Findings reveal marked trade-offs: Tree-focused farms maintain high environmental value but remain vulnerable to market and labor constraints, while livestock-specialized farms achieve higher economic output at the expense of ecological integrity. Mixed systems demonstrate greater resilience through diversification but face significant labor intensity challenges. We conclude that current “one-size-fits-all” policies generate contradictory incentives. Therefore, adaptive governance frameworks (e.g., results-based payment schemes) are essential to realign farm economics with ecological stewardship. Beyond the Montado, the approach provides insights relevant to other Mediterranean agroforestry systems facing similar sustainability challenges.