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- Chemical and bioactivity profiling of the invasive macroalga rugulopteryx okamurae collected in southern Portugal supporting biotechnological valorisation approachesPublication . D’Unienville, Amandine; Lasnel, Lucas; Macquigneau, Wadi; Trentin, Riccardo; Pais, Adriana C. S.; Rodrigues, Maria João; Santos, Sónia A. O.; Custódio, LuísaThe invasive brown macroalga Rugulopteryx okamurae has rapidly expanded across the Mediterranean–Atlantic region, generating severe ecological impacts. Nevertheless, the considerable amount of biomass available creates opportunities for valorisation within circular bioeconomy frameworks. This study provides an integrated characterization of the chemical profile and bioactivities of freshly collected floating biomass of R. okamurae from southern Portugal. Proximate composition was determined, and lipophilic (hexane) and hydrophilic (water) extracts were analyzed by GC–MS and spectrophotometric methods. Antioxidant activity was assessed using complementary radical-scavenging, reducing power, and metal-chelation assays, and enzyme inhibition was evaluated against targets associated with neurodegenerative, metabolic, and dermatological disorders. The lipophilic fraction was dominated by long-chain alkanes (≈101 mg/g extract) and sterols, particularly fucosterol (≈43 mg/g extract), but exhibited low radical-scavenging capacity (no EC50 reached in DPPH or ABTS assays), and no relevant enzyme inhibition. In contrast, the water extract contained measurable phlorotannins (6.61 mg PGE/g extract) and showed moderate antioxidant (ABTS: EC50 = 5.17 mg/mL; FRAP: EC50 = 0.78 mg/mL) and enzyme inhibition activities (BChE: IC50 = 5.17 mg/mL; tyrosinase: IC50 = 0.78 mg/mL). Compared with previous studies on R. okamurae, this work applies a systematic fractionation of biomass from southern Portugal into polar and non-polar fractions and, for the first time, correlates the resulting detailed chemical profiles with multiple bioactivities. This approach revealed a clear functional differentiation between fractions, with bioactivity being mainly associated with polar metabolites. Overall, these findings highlight the value of structured extraction strategies for biomass valorisation and support the sustainable management of R. okamurae.
- Anticholinergic burden in elderly people in nursing homes: cross-sectional assessment using ACB calculator and CRIDECO anticholinergic load scalePublication . Nascimento, Tânia; Matos, Maria Ana; Pinto, EzequielBackground/Objectives: Anticholinergic burden is an important risk marker in older adults, associated with cognitive decline, falls, and increased mortality. This study aimed to assess anticholinergic burden in institutionalized elderly individuals using two tools (ACB calculator and CALS—CRIDECO Anticholinergic Load Scale), as well as to analyze its relationship with pharmacotherapeutic variables like polypharmacy. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted by analyzing the pharmacotherapeutic profiles of institutionalized elderly individuals (≥65 years) utilizing individualized medication preparation services from a community pharmacy in Alentejo (Portugal). Participants agreed to the study and had complete, up-to-date pharmacotherapeutic profiles. Results: The pharmacotherapeutic profiles of 75 institutionalized elderly people were analyzed; the sample comprised mostly women (72%) who had experienced excessive polypharmacy (≥10 medications) (56%) and had an average age of 85.62 ± 7.62 years. It was found that 90.7% (ACB) and 89.3% (CALS—CRIDECO) of the elderly had anticholinergic burden, with mean values of 3.60 ± 2.84 and 3.33 ± 2.51, respectively. Women exhibited higher anticholinergic burden in unadjusted analyses (p < 0.05). The burden correlated moderately with the total number of medications (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results show high exposure to anticholinergic medications in the institutionalized elderly population, reinforcing the rationale for systematic therapeutic reviews focused on the pharmacological safety of institutionalized older adults in community pharmacies.