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- Effect of petrochemical contaminants on the photosynthetic physiology on the seagrass Halophila baillonii AschersonPublication . Lima, Maria Cecilia S.; Lima, Thomaz Henrique A.; Sperandio, Marcus V. Loss; Yogui, Gilvan Takeshi; Silva, João; Magalhães, Karine M.Oil spills represent a significant threat to seagrasses as hydrocarbons can impair photosynthetic processes and plant functioning, although physiological responses may vary depending on the spill and environmental conditions This study investigates the physiological responses of Halophila baillonii when exposed to the watersoluble fraction (WSF) of crude oil. Photosynthetic pigment composition, maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), and oxidative stress indicators malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were analyzed after shortterm exposure. A significant increase in chlorophyll a and b concentrations and variations in carotenoid levels were detected, while photochemical efficiency and oxidative stress indicators were maintained. These findings suggest that the species dynamically adjusts its pigment composition to optimize light capture and mitigate oxidative stress, demonstrating physiological plasticity. Its ability to tolerate WSF exposure highlights the species' short-term resilience to hydrocarbon pollution. Future studies should investigate the effects of long-term exposure to different oil types, such as boat fuel, and the recovery mechanisms of seagrasses.
- Trait-based vulnerability and tolerance thresholds of tropical mollusks in light of projected increases in climate-change stressorsPublication . Suárez-Mozo, Nancy Yolimar; Angeles-Gonzalez, Luis Enrique; Moulatlet, Gabriel M.; Hernández-Ceballos, Ana Dianel; Díaz, Fernando; Vinagre, Catarina; Capparelli, Mariana V.Extreme climate conditions increasingly threaten worldwide coastal biodiversity. We applied a trait-based approach to quantify the tolerance thresholds of 13 mollusk species from five tropical coastal habitats, using controlled experiments that simulate extreme temperature, salinity, submersion, and desiccation stress. Survival was analyzed in relation to functional traits, including isolation from ambient conditions (presence/absence of shell closure and/or operculum), respiration mode (branchial or pulmonate), shell thickness, and habitat type. Thermal safety margins (TSMs) were also projected under future climate scenarios. Species that possess isolation traits consistently survived across stress conditions. Bivalves generally tolerated higher temperatures and broader salinity ranges than gastropods, and pulmonate gastropods experienced high mortality under both prolonged submersion and desiccation. Desiccation tolerance was strongly associated with the ability to isolate. Thicker shells provided limited protection against extreme temperatures but did not protect taxa with narrow salinity tolerances. Projected TSMs indicated that species from mangrove and oyster-bank habitats will be subject to temperatures that exceed their upper thermal limits before the end of this century. Vulnerability to climate change arises from a combination of functional traits and habitat context. By addressing multiple climate-related variables, i.e., temperature, salinity, inundation, and desiccation, all of which are shifting with global climate change, this study identified combinations of traits that will confer tolerance to tropical mollusks under future conditions and identified taxa that will likely be at risk. This study fills critical data gaps for tropical habitats worldwide and provides a framework for predicting biotic responses to climate extremes.
- Catalytic transfer hydrogenation reactions of Glycerol Over Zr-Incorporated Zeolite Beta prepared by a mechanochemical approachPublication . Fernandes, Auguste; Ribeiro, M. Filipa; Lourenço, João P.Zr-containing zeolite beta catalysts were prepared by a post-synthesis procedure involving a dealumination followed by a mechanochemical step and tested in the gas-phase conversion of glycerol. The catalytic data indicate that the catalysts are active in the conversion of glycerol, promoting not only the typical dehydration but also its hydrogenolysis without an external source of hydrogen, resulting in the production of significant amounts of ethylene glycol and methanol. Partially frameworkattached (Si─O)2Zr═O species were identified and are suggested to play an important role in the catalytic behavior of these materials.
- White is a new shade of blue carbon: a case study of a traditional salt production pond that is a net carbon sinkPublication . Alexandre, Ana; Barrena de los Santos, Carmen; Jiménez Herrero, Javier; Deguette, Alizé; Silva, João; Martins, Márcio; Parreira, Filipe; Schubert, Nadine; Rosa, Saray P. de la; Santos, RuiTo address for the first time the carbon budget of traditional salterns, we measured the diel, seasonal, and spatial variability of water‐air CO2‐eq fluxes (CH4 and CO2) and the Organic Carbon (OC) stock and burial rate in the sediment. Temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH and wind were assessed as potential environmental drivers of the fluxes. The saltern emitted CH4 to the atmosphere throughout the year, with no significant differences among sites or seasons. On the contrary, the saltern were a sink of CO2 in summer, autumn and winter, and a source of CO2 in spring. Water temperature was the main positively related predictor variable of CH4 fluxes, explaining 29% of their variance, whereas CO2 fluxes were significantly negatively related to the concentration of O2 and pH in the seawater and positively related to wind, which explained 66% of fluxes variance. The sedimentary and OC stocks and burial rates were not significantly different among the sampled ponds and averaged 11.9 ± 2.2 Mg OC ha− 1 and 0.011 ± 0.004 Mg OC ha− 1 yr− 1 , respectively. The carbon budget of the saltern was − 35.0 g CO2‐eq m− 2 yr− 1 , corresponding to − 1.49 Mg CO2‐eq yr− 1 for the total saltern area. This suggests that the‐salt industry may function as a carbon sink as opposed to other coastal industries such as fish and shrimp aquaculture. Future studies with additional measurements across a wider range of salterns are needed to evaluate the relevance of “white carbon.”
- In situ and satellite characterization of a meddy north of the Azores: NA-VICE cruise (2012), Azores to IcelandPublication . Serpa, Tiago; Bashmachnikov, Igor; Relvas, Paulo; Martins, AnaThe influx of Mediterranean Water through the Strait of Gibraltar significantly influences the Northeast Atlantic. This inflow gives rise to distinctive oceanographic features known as Mediterranean Water Eddies (Meddies), which are characterized as deep, anticyclonic lenses of warm, saline water. During the R/V Knorr cruise KN207-03, conducted from the Azores to Iceland in the summer of 2012 as part of the international NA-VICE project, a meddy was identified at 41.3◦N, 27.1◦W. Its main physical properties were determined using in situ measurements from a Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) profiler and an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). The meddy exhibited salinity and temperature anomalies of 0.26 and 2.4◦C, respectively, along with azimuthal velocities reaching 0.38 m s − 1 . These characteristics were compared with established criteria from previous studies to confirm that the observed feature – located further north than most previously documented meddies – met the classification requirements. At the time of the cruise, a cyclonic eddy exhibiting Mediterranean Water characteristics was detected north of the meddy. The analysis suggests that these features interacted, resulting in trapping of Mediterranean Water beneath the cyclone. The meddy sea surface expression was examined using altimetry data combined with an eddy detection algorithm, revealing a Sea Level Anomaly of 14 cm and a radius of 57 km. Additionally, altimetry and Argo data were used to reconstruct the meddy trajectory, indicating that it originated in the Irish continental shelf. This finding supports the hypothesis that meddies can form north of the Iberian Peninsula, as far as the extension of the Mediterranean Outflow.
- Rapid growth in a Neandertal infant from Amud Cave in IsraelPublication . Been, Ella; Hovers, Erella; Rak, Yoel; Cabec, Adeline Le; Dean, Christopher; Barash, AlonNeandertal infants are rarely found, with only a few individuals documented in the literature. Therefore, their growth and development remain poorly understood. Amud 7 is the articulated skeleton of an infant Neandertal discovered in Amud Cave, northern Israel.1,2 The cave was excavated in the 1960s1 and the 1990s2–11 and has yielded several human remains with distinct Neandertal affinities,1,9–14 as well as Middle Paleolithic stone tool assemblages,15–21 dated to approximately 51–56 thousand years old.22,23 Nearly 111 skeletal pieces of Amud 7 were found in situ, of which only the cranial bones were thoroughly described.24–27 It is the most complete Neandertal infant assigned to the 6- to 14-month age range. As such, it plays a significant role in our understanding of Neandertal paleobiology. The skeleton exhibits distinct Neandertal affinities in both cranial and postcranial remains, and its morphological features shed light on Neandertal phylogeny, growth, and development. Most notably, the infant exhibits signs of unusually rapid somatic growth, suggesting that Neandertals had a distinct developmental strategy in early life. Other rare Neandertal infants show the same pattern of accelerated early somatic and endocranial growth, suggesting a consistent difference in how our evolutionary relatives developed. Simultaneously supporting faster somatic growth and brain development would have resulted in high energetic demands. These findings emphasize the diversity of developmental strategies among hominin species and demonstrate that Neandertals might have followed a different developmental path, distinguishing them from H. sapiens.
- A millennium of coastside occupation. Micromorphological insights from the indigenous site of Las Estacas Cave, TenerifePublication . García‐Villa, Pedro; Hernández, Cristo M.; Mallol, CarolinaThe archaeological site of Las Estacas Cave (NW Tenerife, Canary Islands) preserves some of the earliest human occupations in Tenerife, dating to the 2nd century CE, spanning the entire pre‐European time range up to the 15th century. Using soil micromorphology, this study applies a geoarchaeological approach to reconstruct site formation processes and human activities through the analysis of 12 thin sections from 9 stratigraphic units, covering most of the sequence. The deposit is largely geogenic and consists of autochthonous basalt fragments, detrital volcanic gravel, and aeolian quartz grains from the Sahara Desert in a spongy clayey matrix characteristic of sodic coastal soils. Aridification evidence in the soil is observed from Unit IV onwards, spanning roughly from the 11th to 15th century. Certain stratigraphic Units (VIII, VII, IV, and II) exhibit increased concentrations of microscopic anthropogenic particles and clear evidence of sedimentary reworking due to trampling. The dominance of geogenic sedimentation and sporadic anthropogenic signals implies episodic use of the cave rather than continuous occupation. The results highlight the interplay between natural depositional processes and human activities in shaping the cave's archaeological record. This study demonstrates the value of microstratigraphic, microcontextual approaches for understanding coastal indigenous sites in Tenerife.
- Editorial for the 1st edition special issue “benefits of physical activity and exercise to human health”Publication . Ferraz, Ricardo; Neiva, Henrique P.; Fernanda M. Silva; Duarte-Mendes, PedroRecent estimates indicate that the prevalence of insufficient physical activity has been increasing globally, with nearly one third of adults (31.3%) [1] and eight in ten adolescents (81%) [2] not meeting the World Health Organization physical activity guidelines (i.e., 150–300 min per week of moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic physical activity for adults and 60 min per day for children and adolescents [3]). According to authors [1,2], if the current trajectory continues, the global target of a 15% relative reduction in insufficient physical activity by 2030 [4] is unlikely to be achieved in most countries. This data are concerning given that, globally, 7.2% of all-cause deaths and 7.6% of cardiovascular disease deaths are attributable to physical inactivity [5]. Physical activity and exercise are widely recognized for promoting numerous health benefits, particularly in the prevention and management of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases [6,7], as well as in supporting immune function, reducing the risk of infectious diseases, improving mental health, and contributing to cancer prevention and control [8]. Moreover, regular engagement in these behaviors is associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality [9]. From a public health perspective, developing and implementing evidence-based strategies to increase physical activity and improve population health remains a global priority [8]. In this context, this Special Issue aims to advance knowledge on the role of physical activity and exercise interventions in promoting health and well-being across the lifespan. The contributions examine the effects of different exercise modalities on physical, cognitive, and mental health, as well as the role of physical activity in disease prevention and management and in improving functional capacity and quality of life across diverse populations. Collectively, the twelve papers included in this Special Issue provide complementary perspectives on these topics.
- Integrating traditional knowledge into tourism climate policy: exploring feasibility and benefits in Iran’s world heritage sitesPublication . Esfehani, Minoo; Ghaderi, Zahed; Bagheri, Fatemeh; Hatamifar, PezhmanTraditional knowledge, despite its recognized socio-ecological value, is often underestimated or excluded from climate policies, particularly within tourism contexts. Using qualitative research, this study employed purposive sampling to interview 16 participants to explore (a) the feasibility of integrating traditional knowledge into tourism climate policy in World Heritage Sites and (b) the potential benefits of such integration. Findings show that traditional knowledge can strengthen site resilience, support participatory management, and enhance climate capacity in both theory and practice, though several challenges remain. Theoretically, and grounded in environmental sociology, the study advances the current understanding of the sociocultural dimensions of tourism climate governance and advocates for epistemological pluralism and more inclusive policies that incorporate diverse knowledge systems. Practically, the evidence-based findings suggest that tourism policy should prioritize the application of community-rooted knowledge and practices, develop context-sensitive guidelines to integrate multiple knowledge systems into tourism climate actions, and disseminate effective methodologies and practices.
- Families of young people who self-harm: a mixed-methods systematic review of their experiences and needsPublication . Cação-Dias, Beatriz; Rothes, Inês; Carmo, Cláudia; Nunes, Cristina; Brás, MartaBackground: Self-harm in young people is a pressing public health issue, with family support playing a crucial role in the young per son’s prognosis. Concurrently, the impact extends to families themselves, who must navigate caregiving responsibilities while also requiring support. Understanding these experiences is key to providing more effective assistance in their caregiving roles. Aim: With this mixed-methods systematic review we investigated the experiences, barriers, and needs of families of young people who self-harm. Method: Following PRISMA guidelines, a search was conducted within PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases in July 2024 and April 2025. Thirty-one studies were included in this review, and quality was assessed with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). A narrative synthesis was employed for the quantitative data, while qualitative data were analyzed with thematic synthesis. Results: The quantitative findings revealed two themes: (1) the repercussions of self-harm in the family and (2) family support needs. Qualitative analysis identified four themes: (1) parents’ emotional and psychological impact; (2) impact on parenting and the bond with the young person; (3) disruption of family dynamics; and (4) barriers to and pathways for family support. Conclusion: We discuss the implications of these findings, offering recommendations for future research and improvements in family support services to alleviate caregiver burden and foster supportive environments for recovery.