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- Aglomerular renal function in teleosts: A comparative molecular and physiological approachPublication . Pinto Teixeira, José Pedro; Pinto, Bernardo; Wilson, Jonathan M.; Guerreiro, Pedro Miguel; Castro, FilipeThe aglomerular kidney, characterised by the absence of functional glomeruli and reliance on tubular secretion alone, has evolved independently across multiple teleost lineages occupying diverse environments, including notothenioids of the Southern Ocean, gadids of cold North Atlantic and Arctic waters, and syngnathids distributed across temperate and tropical seas. Despite sharing this independently derived renal architecture, these groups face markedly distinct osmotic, thermal and chemical challenges in their natural habitats. How aglomerular kidneys cope with environmental stressors, including fluctuations in temperature and salinity, and how they handle the excretion of xenobiotics and other exogenous compounds through exclusively tubular mechanisms, remains poorly understood. The physiological and molecular responses underlying renal function in these lineages have received comparatively little attention relative to their glomerular counterparts. Objective: This study investigates how aglomerular kidneys across phylogenetically distinct teleost lineages respond, at molecular and physiological levels, to contrasting environmental conditions, namely temperature and salinity challenges predicted to alter the functional demands on renal osmoregulation. Methodology: Adult and juvenile specimens from target lineages were subjected to controlled exposure experiments combining different temperature and salinity regimes. Blood and urine samples were collected to assess osmolality and ionic composition. Renal tissues were processed for gene expression analysis of key transport and structural genes, histology, immunohistochemistry and enzymatic activity assays, providing an integrated picture of renal function under each condition. Results: Molecular analyses are currently underway. Preliminary work has established protocols for RNA extraction and quantitative PCR across target species, enabling comparative gene expression profiling to proceed across the full dataset. Conclusions: A comparative physiological and molecular approach across aglomerular teleost lineages will clarify whether shared renal architecture translates into shared functional responses to environmental challenge and identify lineage-specific mechanisms of renal adaptation, with broader relevance for predicting how these fishes may respond to ongoing environmental change.