II. Componente Politécnica
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Percorrer II. Componente Politécnica por Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) "09:Indústria, Inovação e Infraestruturas"
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- Aplicação Web para controlo do crescimento e cultivação de microalgasPublication . Horta, Tiago Alexandre Vicente; Lam, Roberto Célio LauEste projecto destina-se ao desenvolvimento de um software para o controlo de um ou vários fotobiorreatores, o referido software é composto por uma aplicação Web e um ou vários microcontroladores. A aplicação Web tem como principal objetivo o fornecimento de uma interface de utilizador na qual será possível a visualização e realização de experiências para o controlo do crescimento de microalgas. Para a realização de experiências, a aplicação Web irá enviar comandos através de uma API, para um microcontrolador que estará ligado a um fotobiorreator realizando assim uma ação ou consulta dos valores nos sensores no fotobiorreator. Será possível simular diferentes condições ambientais através de ajustes nos parâmetros dos sensores disponíveis, sendo estes luzes LED brancas e RGB, temperatura, pH, dióxido de carbono e oxigénio no meio de cultivo. O software inclui funcionalidades como a utilização da aplicação através de um navegador Web não sendo necessária qualquer instalação, interface responsiva para a utilização quer em telemóveis quer em computadores, a possibilidade de controlo de vários fotobiorreatores em simultâneo e a possibilidade de acesso ao software por parte de vários utilizadores em paralelo. Ao realizar experiências de controlo do crescimento de microalgas, serão mostrados na aplicação os valores dos parâmetros de temperatura e pH sob a forma de gráfico no interface de utilizador, valores esses que serão também gravados numa base de dados. A aplicação Web irá permitir também o descarregamento de um dataset de qualquer experiência em formato CSV de modo a possibilitar uma posterior análise
- An automation system for predictive maintenance of electric machines applied to pumping systemsPublication . Azinheira, Gonçalo José de Sousa; Semião, Jorge Filipe Leal CostaThis thesis presents the development and implementation of an automation system for predictive maintenance of electric machines in pumping systems. The work integrates Industry 4.0 technologies such as IoT devices, machine learning algorithms, and advanced sensor systems to enhance the reliability and efficiency of industrial operations. A complete test bench was developed, featuring an electric pump, water reservoir, automation and control board, energy meter, vibration sensors, pressure sensors, motorized valves, and temperature sensors, allowing automated test procedures including fault-injection behaviors through valve control. The research bridges the gap between theoretical models of predictive maintenance and their practical implementation in industrial environments, emphasizing the importance of automation and data-driven decision-making. The core achievements include the successful development and deployment of a system capable of real-time data acquisition, advanced vibration analysis, and fault prediction using machine learning. A detailed analysis was conducted to determine optimal data processing procedures prior to analysis, and automation-based sensors were integrated with electronic-based sensors in a unified predictive maintenance system. Machine learning algorithms demonstrated the feasibility of implementing predictive maintenance within standard automation pumping systems by successfully predicting faults induced in the test pump. The developed system not only reduces unexpected failures but also aligns with modern demandsfor sustainability and operational efficiency. By combining data acquisition, real-time analysis, and predictive modeling, the research offers a comprehensive approach that can be adapted across various industries reliant on electric machines.
- Avaliação da exatidão posicional de ortofotos - caso estudo: Beja - AlquevaPublication . Silva, Sandra; Fernandez, Helena Maria; Martins, Fernando Miguel GranjaO projeto apresentado foi desenvolvido no Centro de Cartografia da Empresa de Desenvolvimento e Infraestruturas do Alqueva. Tem como objetivo avaliar a exatidão posicional das ortofotografias, utilizando técnicas fotogramétricas para a obtenção das imagens retificadas. Além disso, também foram aplicadas técnicas estatísticas para o controlo de qualidade das ortofotografias. A qualidade das ortofotografias é uma temática fundamental para o Centro de Cartografia da Empresa de Desenvolvimento e Infraestruturas do Alqueva, uma entidade especializada detentora de alvará próprio na produção de cartografia vetorial e de fotografia. As ortofotografias são de grande utilidade pois oferecem uma representação precisa e exata do terreno, sendo utilizadas por toda a estrutura da empresa, entidades públicas, privadas e por um vasto número de utilizadores em diversas áreas. A área de estudo está localizada no município de Beja, abrangendo uma extensão de 15.000 ha (equivalente a seis ortofotografias) à escala de 1:5.000. A produção das ortofotografias para o ano de 2022 compreendeu diversas etapas, desde a triangulação aérea até à extração do Modelo Digital de Superfície, passando pela retificação, e por fim, na criação do mosaico final. Para avaliar a exatidão posicional planimétrica, será utilizado o indicador estatístico denominado Erro Médio Quadrático, em conformidade com as normas e especificações técnicas estabelecidas para a Cartografia Topográfica Vetorial e de Imagem, específicas para o nível de detalhe NdD2 da Direção-Geral do Território. As ortofotografias produzidas cumpriram o critério de exatidão posicional exigida. A análise estatística revelou um Erro Médio Quadrático de 0,334 m, e todos os pontos de controlo analisados situaram-se dentro dos limites estabelecidos pelas especificações técnicas.
- Challenge for planning by using cluster methodology: the case study of the algarve regionPublication . Bienvenido-Huertas, David; Farinha, Fátima; Oliveira, Miguel José; Silva, Elisa Maria de Jesus da; Lança, RuiThis study analyses the most appropriate methodology to make similarity classifications among the cities of the Algarve (Portugal) according to 105 sustainability indicators monitored with the Observatory of Sustainability of the Algarve Region for Tourism (OBSERVE). The methodology used to establish the similarities was the cluster analysis with 4 di_erent approaches which reduced the dimensions of the data set: total approach, pillar approach, subject area approach, and indicator approach. By combining the approaches, a total of 620 di_erent cluster analyses were performed. The results reflected that the data analysis approaches with less dimensions were those that performed the best groups among cities. In this sense, the approaches with a high number of indicators (e.g., the total or the pillar approach) were characterised by misclassifying cities in more than 30% of the indicators. Thus, the most acceptable cluster analysis approach was that with a low number of indicators. Through this approach, it was possible to make correct groups of the sustainability level of the cities of the Algarve. These results provided an appropriate methodology for the decision-making regarding the sustainability of a region and could be extrapolated to other regions to assess sustainability or environmental indicators.
- Deception volcano (Antarctica): an example of advances on ground displacement surveillance in extreme and isolated environments using GNSS satellitesPublication . Pérez-Peña, Alejandro; Prates, Gonçalo; Gil, Amós De; Rosado, Belén; Fernandez-Ros, Alberto; Pecci, Luis Miguel; Gárate, Jorge; Ramirez-Zelaya, Javier; Gonzalez-Bielsa, Carlos; Jiménez, Vanessa; Berrocoso, ManuelDeception Island is an active, caldera-forming volcano whose surveillance is critically constrained by its extreme Antarctic isolation, scarce resources and limited seasonal human access. This study addresses these challenges by presenting an innovative Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) geodetic surveillance framework specifically adapted for such a remote environment. Our approach establishes a key operational distinction between non-real-time monitoring and near-real-time surveillance via a semi-continuous wireless network. We effectively resolve the inherent trade-off between promptness and precision by applying signal enhancement methods (e.g. Kalman filtering) to maintain millimetric accuracy in deformation detection, even when utilizing the high sampling rates (1 Hz) essential for rapid assessment. The resulting model allows for the rigorous isolation of the local volcanic signal from the complex regional tectonic kinematics. Crucially, data analysis reveals recurrent 3 year cycles of inflation and deflation in the magmatic system, strongly correlated with seismicity, which validates ground deformation as a reliable volcanic precursor. The primary practical advance is the validation of a dual-term hazard forecasting system: 1) mid-term (months) forecasts based on long-term time-series analysis to facilitate safe inter-campaign operations and 2) short-term (days) forecasting during periods of unrest using ground displacement acceleration, complemented by a magma injection model to predict the spatial location of potential vent openings. This validated and technologically adjusted framework provides an optimized and transferable template for continuous geodetic surveillance in other isolated, active polar volcanoes.
- Digital cultural heritagePublication . Portalés, Cristina; Rodrigues, Joao; Rodrigues Gonçalves, Alexandra; Alba, Ester; Sebastián, JorgeMost contemporary thinkers agree that we are going through a time of historical change, building a different concept and model of social interrelation. Our ways of life and work have changed, as have the ways in which we communicate and relate to each other. Likewise, an increasing consensus indicates the need to reconfigure traditional social and cultural structures. The Internet, the virtual social networks, and the Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have coalesced into a new collective consciousness—a world intercommunicated from the local to the global [1]. The fusion of tradition, culture, history, and legacy with technology, innovation, and interaction provides an attractive system that serves both as an artistic expression and as a fundamental tool for diffusion in cultural institutions [2]. For instance, the usage of interactive technologies such as virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR), combined with multidimensional or multimodal representations [3], provides a significant novelty. User interaction offers a broader perspective, making people more aware of their actions, helping them become the true center of the application. It also enables interactive artistic expression through alternative realities, as well as narration supported by the use of virtual avatars.
- Disentangling housing supply to shift towards smart cities: analysing theoretical and empirical studiesPublication . Garcês, Pedro; Pires, Cesaltina Pacheco; Costa, Joana; Jorge, Sílvia Ferreira; Catalão-Lopes, Margarida; Alventosa, AdrianaThe search for a pleasant home has concerned people ever since. Paradoxically, people are facing strong difficulties in finding a decent place to settle their lives in cities. As such, the housing market regained momentum in connection with the development of Smart Cities, where life quality of residents is strongly emphasized. Well-being in the metropolis is affected by a wide variety of factors with housing supply being among the most important, hence stirred by financing costs, construction costs, vacancy rate, sales delay, inflation rate, housing stock, price of agricultural land, and regulation. The present article reviews empirical studies on housing supply for a better understanding of the dynamics in this market, shedding some light on the expectable outcomes of policy actions in the promotion of sustainable housing towards the smart city transition. Our review shows that the long-run price elasticity of housing supply is larger than the short-run, as well as the existence of substantial differences in the price elasticity across countries and regions. As such, overall, the hypothesis of a perfectly elastic supply is rejected. In addition, our review highlights that housing supply is negatively related to financial costs, inflation, sales delay, and the existence of regulatory or physical constraints. Also, the elasticity is lower when there are regulatory constraints. Newfangled strategic interaction models, though overlooked in the literature, reinforce that housing does not fit the perfect competition frame. The review proves that we are in face of a non-competitive market in which policy intervention is required to maximize social welfare; policy packages to grant people access to the housing market may be required. However, policy interventions should be carefully designed and clear, to mitigate their potentially negative impact on the housing supply as adverse results may be harmful to the transition towards a smart city.
- Estudo numérico da influência de jatos confluentes verticais no conforto térmico e qualidade do arPublication . Souza, Rodrigo Figueiredo de; Conceição, Eusébio Z. E.O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo numérico e experimental relativamente à influência de jatos confluentes verticais no conforto e qualidade do ar para habitáculos de veículos direcionados ao transporte de passageiros, onde sua geometria pode ser utilizada em vagão de comboio, aeronaves ou autocarros. O habitáculo em estudo foi desenvolvido tendo em consideração dezesseis passageiros, sendo organizados em dois grupos iguais dando espaço a um corredor ao centro do habitáculo. O ambiente é composto por um banco para cada passageiro e duas mesas posicionadas ao centro do habitáculo. O sistema de ventilação do habitáculo possui oito conjuntos de jatos de insuflação (Jatos Confluentes Verticais), sendo posicionados quatro deles rente a parede esquerda e os outros quatro rente a parede direita, cada jato localizado a frente dos ocupantes, próximo a zona de respiração. Neste trabalho é avaliado a eficiência dos jatos no nível de conforto, nomeadamente a qualidade do ar e níveis de resfriamento local devido a velocidade do ar. Neste estudo foram utilizados métodos numéricos para determinar o comportamento do ar no interior das condutas e modelo numérico CFD para avaliar o escoamento de ar em todo o habitáculo. Houve a realização de ensaios experimentais no intuito de validação do moledo CFD, sendo desenvolvido a geometria da malha CFD em escala real de forma similar em uma câmara climática para que seja analisado comparativamente resultados obtidos numericamente e experimentalmente. Foi concluído que os modelos numéricos apresentam uma previsão do comportamento do fluido similar ao comportamento real, tanto para escoamento do ar, como para taxa de renovações do ar. Também foi concluído que o sistema de ventilação por jatos confluentes verticais proporciona uma distribuição do ar de maneira uniforme e uma renovação do ar ambiente de maneira ascendente, mas que o sistema de ventilação é insuficiente para o número de ocupantes, com um caudal volúmico de ar suficiente apenas para três pessoas.
- Frailty and outcomes in elderly ICU patients: insights from a portuguese cohortPublication . Lourenço, Eva; Rodrigues, Isabel; Sampaio, Mário; da Costa, EmiliaBackground: Frailty is a key determinant of outcomes in critically ill elderly patients, but data from Portugal remain limited. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the prevalence and prognostic impact of frailty among elderly ICU patients in a Portuguese hospital setting. Objective: To determine the prevalence of frailty among elderly patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) in southern Portugal and to examine its crude associations with illness severity, organ support, and mortality outcomes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study including 125 patients aged ≥ 65 years admitted to the polyvalent ICU of Hospital de Faro over the last six months of 2024. Data included demographics, comorbidities, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), severity scores (SOFA, SAPS II, APACHE II), and frailty status assessed by the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). Outcomes were the need for organ support, ICU and hospital mortality, and length of stay. Results: Frailty (CFS ≥ 5) was identified in 30.4% of patients. Frail patients were older, had higher comorbidity burden (CCI), and presented with significantly higher severity scores at admission. They also required more invasive support, including vasopressors and invasive mechanical ventilation, while acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) was similar between groups. ICU mortality was significantly higher among frail patients (50.0% vs. 31.0%), as was hospital mortality (76.3% vs. 33.3%). Length of ICU stay did not differ, although frail patients tended to have longer hospitalizations overall. Conclusions: Frailty was highly prevalent and strongly associated with increased severity, greater need for organ support, and higher mortality. Routine frailty assessment at ICU admission may enhance prognostic accuracy and support patient-centered decision-making.
- From cues to engagement: a comprehensive survey and holistic architecture for computer vision-based audience analysis in live eventsPublication . Lemos, Marco; Cardoso, Pedro; Rodrigues, JoaoThe accurate measurement of audience engagement in real-world live events remains a significant challenge, with the majority of existing research confined to controlled environments like classrooms. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of Computer Vision AI-driven methods for real-time audience engagement monitoring and proposes a novel, holistic architecture to address this gap, with this architecture being the main contribution of the paper. The paper identifies and defines five core constructs essential for a robust analysis: Attention, Emotion and Sentiment, Body Language, Scene Dynamics, and Behaviours. Through a selective review of state-of-the-art techniques for each construct, the necessity of a multimodal approach that surpasses the limitations of isolated indicators is highlighted. The work synthesises a fragmented field into a unified taxonomy and introduces a modular architecture that integrates these constructs with practical, businessoriented metrics such as Commitment, Conversion, and Retention. Finally, by integrating cognitive, affective, and behavioural signals, this work provides a roadmap for developing operational systems that can transform live event experience and management through data-driven, real-time analytics.
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