ICArEHB
URI permanente desta comunidade:
Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour
Centro de investigação interdisciplinar em Arqueologia e evolução do comportamento humano
Àcerca do ICArEHB => ICArHEB
Navegar
Percorrer ICArEHB por Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) "04:Educação de Qualidade"
A mostrar 1 - 10 de 51
Resultados por página
Opções de ordenação
- Actividades do Centro de Estudos Arqueológicos do concelho de Oeiras (CEACO) desenvolvidas em 2024Publication . Cardoso, João LuisOs factos elencados neste Relatório confirmam o reconhecimento público ao nível do interesse e importância conferidos ao trabalho desenvolvido no CEACO, decisivos para a consolidação e afirmação das suas competências e atribuições no quadro da investigação, salvaguarda e divulgação do Património arqueológico oeirense. 1. Trabalhos laboratoriais e de gabinete 2. Revista Estudos Arqueológicos de Oeiras 3. Terceiro Colóquio Internacional História das Ideias e dos Conceitos em Arqueologia 4. Ciclo de conferências Pré-História do concelho de Oeiras 5. Visitas guiadas 6. Palestras e conferências 7. Colaborações 8. Quarta Edição do Prémio de Arqueologia Professor Doutor Octávio da Veiga Ferreira 9. Considerações finais
- Agent-based simulations reveal the possibility of multiple rapid northern routes for the second Neanderthal dispersal from Western to Eastern EurasiaPublication . Coco, Emily; Iovita, Radu; Marco PeresaniGenetic and archaeological evidence imply a second major movement of Neanderthals from Western to Central and Eastern Eurasia sometime in the Late Pleistocene. The genetic data suggest a date of 120−80 ka for the dispersal and the archaeological record provides an earliest date of arrival in the Altai by ca. 60 ka. Because the number of archaeological sites linking the two regions is very small, the exact route taken and its timing have been the matter of considerable debate. In particular, climate change in this period modified landscapes considerably, changing the cost of moving in different directions. Here, we apply agent-based least-cost path simulations for the first time to Neanderthals, showing that they most likely took a northern route through the Urals and southern Siberia under all climate scenarios. Agents leaving either the southern or the northern Caucasus Mountains reach the Altai in less than 2000 years during two time windows when the climate was mild, in MIS 5e (the Last Interglacial) and in MIS 3. The latter coincides with the dated presence of Neanderthals at Chagyrskaya and Okladnikov Caves in the Altai. The results of this modeling approach demonstrate a remarkable east-west geographic connectivity of northern Eurasia via river corridors despite the presumed barriers of the Ural Mountains and major north-south flowing rivers. Our results highlight the unique strengths of agentbased simulations to reconstruct pathways for ancient migrations.
- Alternating carnivore and Neanderthal activities at Escoural Cave: insights from the taphonomic and machine learning analysis of leporid remainsPublication . Cobo-Sánchez, Lucía; Rufà, Anna; Cascalheira, JoãoExploring the varied subsistence strategies and cave occupation patterns of Neanderthals is key to understanding their complex behaviors and ecological adaptations. Small game consumption, in particular, is considered a relevant indicator of their behavioral complexity. Rabbit assemblages from Pleistocene cave sites provide valuable insights into Neanderthal interactions with small prey and potential competition with carnivores. Here, we present the first detailed taphonomic analysis of faunal remains from Escoural Cave (Portugal), where a European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) assemblage was found alongside Middle Paleolithic stone tools and some macromammal remains. This study combines traditional zooarchaeological and taphonomic analysis of the rabbit remains with multivariate statistics and machine learning methods to establish the origin of the accumulation, and the implications for Neanderthal subsistence and cave use. Results from the taphonomic analysis show no evidence of human consumption but abundant evidence of small terrestrial carnivore activity, primarily from lynxes. This could indicate a sequential occurrence of Neanderthal and carnivore activities in the cave, with Neanderthal activities likely related to something other than rabbit consumption.
- Analysis of organic residues in the context of the middle bronze age in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula: the case of the Cova da Moura funerary monument (Viana do Castelo, nw Portugal)Publication . Oliveira, Nuno; Oliveira, César; Bettencourt, Ana M. S.; Costa, CláudiaThis paper presents and discusses the results of chromatographic analyses conducted on the contents of a ceramic pot recovered from Cova da Moura, a coastal funerary context located on the western slope of the Serra de Santa Luzia in Carreço, within the municipality and district of Viana do Castelo, Northwest Portugal. The site was excavated in 1931 by Abel Viana, who uncovered a monument beneath a tumulus that concealed a cluster of granite outcrops with numerous cavities (tafoni). Depositional activities in these cavities revealed several artifacts, including fragments of various ceramic containers, metal and glass objects, knapped and polished stone tools, animal remains, a diverse assemblage of plant-derived charcoal, and at least one anthropomorphic stele. The materials exhibit a wide chronological range, with the earliest occupation dating from the Late Middle Bronze Age (circa 15th-14th century BCE) and the most recent from the Late Iron Age. Among these finds was a fragmented ceramic pot containing organic residues at its internal base, dated from the regional Bronze Age. Chromatographic analysis of these residues identified traces of animal meat, possibly from monogastric species, and plant oils, both of which appear to have been exposed to high temperatures. This study represents the first application of organic chemical analysis to a ceramic vessel from a plausible Middle Bronze Age funerary context in Northwestern Portugal. The findings suggest the presence of commensal rituals or the deposition of prepared meat offerings as part of funerary practices.
- Anthony E. Marks (1938–2025): pioneer of the palaeolithicPublication . Rose, Jeffrey Ian; Bicho, Nuno; Usyk, Vitaly I.; Winchell, FrankAnthony “Tony” Edward Marks passed away on August 15, 2025, at his home in Santa Fe, New Mexico, at the age of 87. Tony’s passing marks the end of a remarkable career in archaeology that spanned nine countries, four continents, and a quarter million years of prehistory. Not only did he fundamentally shape how we understand the Palaeolithic record, but he transformed our very perception of lithic technology, teaching us how to find the profound depth of meaning in stone. A proud New Yorker, Tony was born, raised, and edu¬cated in Manhattan. As a young student at Columbia Uni¬versity eager to pursue his love of European medieval art and churches, he was promptly taken aside by the anthropol¬ogy department head, Marvin Harris, who (rather forcefully as Tony would recall) urged him to stick with archaeology. Tony’s professional career began with the UNESCO Nubian salvage campaigns of the 1960s. As Lake Nasser rose behind the Aswan High Dam, Tony mapped prehistoric sites along the east bank of the Nile before their inundation. During the Nubian salvage project, he documented several key Palaeo¬lithic industries, including an array of assemblages defined by the presence of Nubian core technology. He could never know at the time how that discovery would unexpectedly resurface decades later, at the end of his career.
- Baboon route repetition in a seasonal environmentPublication . Lewis-Bevan, Lynn Catrin; Hammond, Philippa; Carvalho, Susana; Biro, DoraIntroduction: Route-based navigation is a common movement strategy for a variety of taxa, wherein animals repeatedly re-use familiar paths during travel. However, this type of navigation is understudied in wild animals that experience regular displacement, raising questions about the robustness and longevity of such routes and route memories. The seasonal flooding of Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, provides an opportunity to test multiple facets of route-based navigation in wild primates, due to its high seasonality and annual flooding.Methods: Data was collected from GPS collars placed on four chacma baboons in two troops in Gorongosa National Park. Using GPS points taken every 15 minutes, we use nearest-neighbour analysis to compare daily paths across the year, to identify high-use paths. We then look at the identified high-use paths to see if they are used across the entire study period, with a focus on areas that were vacated for more than two months of the study period.Results: We find that the baboons do have vacated areas, but return to the same areas after displacement. We did not find high-use routes in these areas used both before and after displacement, although high-use routes did exist that were used across the study period in different areas.Discussion: Our results indicate that routes may not be maintained in long-term memory spanning several months, or that route reuse is in part dependant on seasonal resources or navigational aids. Although the study period did not span a full year, this study presents a replicable method of analysing route reuse and identifying high-use routes without traditional methods of manually overlaying and analysing daily paths.
- The behavioural ecology of hominin locomotion: what can we learn from landscapes of fear and primate terrestriality?Publication . Hammond, Philippa; Bobe, René; Carvalho, SusanaA defining feature of the hominin clade is bipedality, often parcelled together with terrestriality. However, there is increasing evidence of locomotor diversity, both within the hominin clade and amongst the Miocene apes that came before them. There is also growing recognition that bipedalism might have arboreal origins and that arboreality persisted in several hominin taxa, including our own genus Homo. Furthermore, the difference between terms like “habitual” and “obligate” bipedality is not clearly defined and is often inferred from fossil features, rather than a description of each behaviour in vivo. Combining fossil and palaeoecological evidence with insights from behavioural ecology facilitates new interpretations of evolutionary pathways and highlights the importance of considering convergent evolution in the emergence of locomotor traits and characteristics. Taking such an approach also moves away from assumptions of a straight-line trajectory towards modern human locomotion and explores the likelihood that independent forms of bipedality and terrestriality arose at different times and in different combinations with other features of ape morphology and behaviour. Evidence from extant primate species can broaden our understanding of the correlates, causes, and consequences of terrestriality and can be used to generate hypotheses which are then explored further using paleontological methods. In this paper, we explore the evolutionary origins of hominin locomotion, but extend our review to include broader timescales, a wider range of primate taxa, and an integrated set of methods and disciplines for generating and testing hypotheses about locomotion. Perceived risk (or, the “landscape of fear”) is a key pressure that has selected for primate arboreality – particularly nocturnal arboreality. We propose that shifts in Plio-Pleistocene landscapes of fear – caused by declining carnivoran abundance and diversity – might also have been a key selection pressure in changes to primate locomotion, particularly papionin and hominid terrestriality. We discuss this hypothesis and propose future research avenues to explore it further. Not only will such research provide a more nuanced view of the causes and consequences of a rare behavioural trait in primates, but it could ultimately help us explain how one group of African apes came to spend all their time on the ground, and how that made them human.
- Bell beaker footed bowls in the Iberian Peninsula: A trial inventory apropos a find from the Lapa do Fumo Cave (Sesimbra, Portugal)Publication . Cardoso, João Luis; Andrade, Marco António; Gil, RuiThe Lapa do Fumo cave (Sesimbra, Estremadura, Portugal) features a funerary context that has been extensively used since the Early Neolithic. A recent review of the votive assemblages revealed the presence of a vessel sherd belonging to a Bell Beaker footed bowl, featuring part of the base and the start of the foot, with incised decoration on the outer surface. This type of vessel, although quite rare, is known from various Bell Beaker complexes of the Iberian Peninsula throughout the entire time span of the Beaker phenomenon, mostly corresponding to the second half of the 3rd millennium BCE. Its geographical distribution in Iberia is equally widespread, occurring both in funerary and residential contexts. Starting from the Lapa do Fumo sherd presented herein, the authors will present an inventory of all known examples, integrating them into their respective chronological and cultural contexts. A technical and functional discussion is also included, based on an estimate of these items’ capacities.
- Châtelperronian cultural diversity at its western limits: shell beads and pigments from La Roche-à-Pierrot, Saint-Césaire.Publication . Bachellerie, François; Gravina, Brad; Rigaud, Solange; Dayet, Laure; Thomas, Marc; Lebreton, Loïc; Morin, Eugène; Lesage, Camille; Falguères, Christophe; Bard, Edouard; Bahain, Jean-Jacques; Baillet, Mickaël; Beauval, Cédric; Bordes, Jean-Guillaume; Culioli, Gérald; Devièse, Thibaut; Flas, Damien; Garbé, Lisa; Guérin, Guillaume; Lacrampe-Cuyaubère, François; Lahaye, Christelle; Mallol, Carolina; Marot, Josserand; Maureille, Bruno; Michel, Alexandre; Muth, Xavier; Regniers, Olivier; Tartar, Elise; Teyssandier, Nicolas; Thibeault, Adrien; Todisco, Dominique; Tombret, Olivier; Rougier, Hélène; Crevecoeur, IsabelleThe timing and mechanisms underlying the gradual replacement of Neanderthal populations by groups have elicited heated debate for decades. The Châtelperronian of France and northern Spain has figured prominently in these discussions. While the Neanderthal authorship of this techno-complex is far less certain than previously thought, the Châtelperronian is now generally accepted as being among the first genuine Upper Paleolithic industries in Eurasia rather than a "transitional" stone tool technology. Here, we report the first association of shell beads with Châtelperronian artifacts from new excavations at the site of La-Roche-à-Pierrot, Saint-Césaire (France), supported by a multiproxy spatial analysis that incorporates site formation processes. Similar types of personal ornaments are unknown from Middle Paleolithic contexts. Comparable examples have, however, been recovered from contexts penecontemporaneous with the Châtelperronian in south-eastern Europe and around the Mediterranean. This hitherto undocumented combination of an early Upper Paleolithic industry and shell beads provides insights into cultural variability in western Europe and raises the question as to whether the makers of the Châtelperronian were influenced by or formed part of the earliest dispersals of into the region.
- A comparison of tool-use flexibility between captive chimpanzees and bonobosPublication . Bandini, Elisa; Harrison, Rachel; Hrubesch, Christine; Forss, SofiaDespite chimpanzees and bonobos sharing close phylogenetic ties to humans, chimpanzees are the more common model species in multiple fields of comparative research. One reason for this bias is the variation in tool repertoire size observed between the two species. Previous studies have examined the factors driving this difference, but few have targeted flexibility in how tools are used. We studied bonobos and chimpanzees under similar conditions in captivity, thus excluding any ecological variation present in these species’ natural habitats. We examined whether the species differed in their ability to switch between tools, a trait that may facilitate tool innovation in primates. To do so, we provided the apes with a task that required switching tool type from a rigid stick to a bendable rope to forage successfully. Our data suggest that there are no significant differences in tool-use performance between chimpanzees and bonobos in captivity. However, we found significant differences in the species’ exploration tendencies. While chimpanzees fixed their attention on stick tools, bonobos switched their attention more easily towards the rope, potentially due to less functional fixedness. We also found significant within-species differences between institutions. These findings suggest that future research should disentangle intrinsic flexibility in exploration and account for institution and group level effects.