CIM2-Artigos (em revistas ou actas indexadas)
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- Early Pleistocene (1.94–1.46 Ma) records for the upper mediterranean outflow Water branch reveal low and high latitude climate influencesPublication . Voelker, Antje; Ducassou, Emanuelle; Balestra, Barbara; Flores, Jose Abel; Acton, Gary D.; Richter, Carl; Xuan, Chuang; Lofi, Johanna; Alberto, Ana; Kuhnert, Henning; Zarikian, Carlos A. AlvarezThe Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW), modified by paleoceanographic conditions and tectonic processes, played a significant role in the formation of sediments drifts along the Iberian Margin. Using sediment samples from IODP Hole U1387C, we explore the Early Pleistocene history of the upper MOW core above the central Faro Drift in the Gulf of Cadiz. The time series of benthic foraminifer stable isotope and grain size related data have a rigorous stratigraphic framework consisting of nannofossil biostratigraphy and paleomagnetic and delta 18O stratigraphy. The paleoenvironmental records are supplemented by natural gamma ray downhole logging data. Above the hiatus associated with the youngest dolostone, sandy to muddy contourite sedimentation started at 1.946 Ma, i.e., within Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 74, at IODP Site U1387, slightly younger than at IODP Site U1389. Formation of contourite layers, reflected in the sortable silt and sand percentage records, strongly reacted to precession forcing, including semi- and quarter-precession cycles. The majority of the contourite beds developed during stadial (colder) climate periods, like previous observations from the Early to Late Pleistocene. Formation of contourite layers within MIS 53, MIS 55 and MIS 65, however, appear to be linked to the prevailing atmospheric conditions over North Africa. Periods of poor ventilation in the upper MOW were linked to insolation maxima and reduced ventilation in the Mediterranean Sea. Here, MIS 51 presents a peculiar case as poor ventilation reached from the surface to the lower North Atlantic Deep Water range, reflecting unique interglacial conditions that merit future exploration.
- Seasonal, spatial, and high-frequency monitoring of dissolved oxygen and net ecosystem metabolism in a shallow coastal lagoon, Ria Formosa – PortugalPublication . Correia, Cátia; Jacob, José; Cravo, AlexandraThis study provides a detailed assessment of dissolved oxygen (DO) dynamics and net ecosystem metabolism (NEM) in the Ria Formosa coastal lagoon, highlighting how spatial and temporal variability shape mesotidal ecosystems. Complementary approaches were applied: short-term (24 h) diel oxygen open-water method at two stations (eastern and western boundaries) in comparison with the bottle incubation method, and a 2.5-year high-frequency dataset at an inner station lagoon. DO showed clear seasonal patterns, largely driven by photosynthesis and respiration, but strongly modulated by water circulation and hydrodynamics. Sporadic hypoxic events (DO ≤ 2 mg L−1) were observed but do not represent a risk. The boundary stations are shallower and colonized by submerged vegetation, displayed stronger diel fluctuations than at the inner station, underscoring the role of biological processes in lagoon metabolism. NEM estimates revealed strong spatial contrasts: the western station was autotrophic, while the eastern station predominantly attributed to restricted water exchange. Long-term records from the inner station indicated a slightly heterotrophic status, reinforcing the value of sustained high-frequency monitoring for capturing ecosystem trends overlooked by short-term approaches. The results also highlight lagoon–coastal ocean connectivity, suggesting dual exchanges: local production may be exported offshore to sustain adjacent coastal areas, while coastal processes, such as upwelling, can also influence lagoon metabolism. Methodological comparisons confirmed that bottle incubation method underestimated NEM relative to diel oxygen open-water method, emphasizing the role of hydrodynamics in mesotidal system metabolism. Although sampling focused on western and eastern boundaries and inner lagoon, the strong tidal renewal in the main and secondary channels suggests Ria Formosa overall is close to metabolic balance, with spatial heterogeneity shaped by hydrodynamics, vegetation, and coastal forcing. By integrating short-term, high-frequency, and long-term observations, this study advances understanding of metabolism in coastal lagoons, offering key insights for predicting ecosystem responses to climate change and for guiding management of vulnerable coastal environments.
- Matrix solid-phase dispersion procedure for determination of antibiotics and metabolites in mussels: application in exposure bioassaysPublication . Mejías, Carmen; GARCIA DA FONSECA, TAINÁ; García-Criado, Noelia; Martín, Julia; Santos, Juan Luis; Aparicio, Irene; Alonso, EstebanAbstract: The presence of antibiotics in seafood for human consumption may pose a risk for consumers. Furthermore, some marine organisms, such as mussels, can result in appropriate bioindicators of marine contamination. In this work, a multiresidue analytical methodology suitable for the determination of antibiotics and metabolites in mussels is proposed. The target compounds include three sulphonamides and trimethoprim (TMP) and six of their main metabolites. Sample treatment involves extraction and clean-up in a single step using matrix solid-phase dispersion with acetonitrile. Analytical determination was carried out by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Good linearity (R2 > 0.99), accuracy (from 80.8 to 118%), and limits of quantification (lower than 5 ng g−1 (dry matter, dm)) were obtained for all selected compounds. The method was applied to the determination of antibiotics in mussel samples from an exposure assay with contaminated seawater with TMP and sulfamethoxazole (SMX). Both antibiotics were detected in the analysed samples with concentrations up to 77.5 ng g−1 dm. TMP was bioconcentrated to a higher extent than SMX, attributable to its higher hydrophobicity. None of the metabolites were detected. These results demonstrate that Mytilus galloprovincialis is a suitable bioindicator to assess marine pollution.
- Sustainable solutions: exploring trade-offs in marine protected areas from six European case sitesPublication . Gutierrez, Débora; Calado, Helena; Barboza, Francisco Rafael; Markovic, Marina; Queiroz, Joyce Dias Gois Rodrigues de; Pegorelli, Camila; Boudy, Claire; Raedemaecker, Fien De; Stanchev, Hristo; Withouck, Inne; Stojanovic, Ivana; Zaucha, Jacek; García-Sanabria, Javier; Pinarbasi, Kemal; Matczak, Magdalena; Stancheva, Margarita; Sciascia, Roberta; Newton, AliceMaritime Spatial Planning (MSP) is a crucial tool for the sustainable use of ocean resources, requiring the negotiation of trade-offs among ecological, economic, and social interests. This study validates a participatory four-block methodology-preparation, option setting, trade-off negotiation and implementation-applied across six European case sites within the MSP4BIO project. It produced practical guidance-especially for the 'Trade-off Negotiation' phase, in a participatory context. This process was operationalized across the sites through three core phases: (I) preparation, (II) collaborative engagement with stakeholders, and (III) post-meeting consolidation. Participatory mapping tools such as SeaSketch were used to visualize spatial conflicts and support stakeholder engagement. Findings show that trade-offs are highly context-specific, requiring flexible, data-driven, and inclusive decision-making processes. Common challenges include data limitations, varying technical capacities, and the need for stronger integration of MSP and Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). A qualitative cross-case comparison emphasized the importance of harmonized and adaptive methods to support participatory governance, and ecological resilience in the face of climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressures on marine environments. This study is the first operational test in case sites, across six European sea basins, and present the comparative validation of the Calado et al1. Trade-offs method.
- Microplastics hot spots at the South Iberian MarginPublication . Bebianno, Maria; Cristina, Sónia; Nathan, Justine; Goela, Priscila; Dias Duarte Fragoso, Bruno; Icely, John David; Moura, DelmindaThe persistent accumulation of microplastics (MPs) in sediments poses ecological risks to benthic organisms and contributes to the broader issue of marine pollution. This study quantitatively analysed MPs in sediments, water and mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis from eleven sites of the South Portuguese coast in two contrasting climatic seasons (summer and winter). MPs were detected in sediments, water, and M. galloprovincialis at all study sites, although their abundance, colour, size, and type varied across compartments, locations, and seasons. Three hot spots of MPs contamination were identified at the South Portuguese coast. In these areas, the concentration of MPs in sediments was three orders of magnitude higher than water and mussels. The MPs identified had distinct colour patterns: transparent particles dominated in sediments, while blue was the most common in water and mussels. A size-dependent accumulation pattern was observed in the sediments, suggesting selective retention of MPs according to natural particle size, and a relationship was observed between MP levels in sediments and in mussels. Polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) were dominant polymers in sediments while PP, PE and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were consistently present in water and mussels. Polybuthyl methachrylate (PBMA) was also detected in surface water and ingested by mussels. These findings suggest that variability in MPs abundance and polymer composition is linked to differences in local human activities. They also provide strong evidence for the importance of controlling land-based sources of MPs, particularly those transported to the coastal area by transported by rivers.
- Spectral unmixing of coastal dune plant species from very high resolution satellite imageryPublication . Kombiadou, Katerina; Costas, Susana; Gallego-Fernández, Juan Bautista; Yang, Zhicheng; Serrão Bon de Sousa, Maria Luísa; Silvestri, SoniaWhile improvements in the spectral and spatial resolution of satellite imagery have opened up new prospects for large-scale environmental monitoring, this potential has remained largely unrealised in dune ecogeomorphology. This is especially true for Mediterranean coastal dunes, where the highly mixed and sparse vegetation requires high resolution satellites and spectral unmixing techniques. To achieve this aim, we employed random forest regressors to predict the fractional cover of dune plant species in two of the sandy barriers of Ria Formosa (S. Portugal) from WorldView-2 imagery (June 2024). The algorithm, tested with spatially upscaled multispectral drone data and satellite imagery, detected the fractional cover of major species (most abundant classes and bushy vegetation) with reasonable to very good accuracy (coefficient of determination, CoD: 0.4 to 0.8) for the former and reasonable to good accuracy (CoD: 0.4 to 0.6) for the latter. Additional tests showed that (a) including the distance to the shoreline can increase model accuracy (CoD by ~0.1); (b) the grouping of species resulted in an insignificant increase in model skill; and (c) testing over independent dune plots showed generalisation beyond the training set and low risk of overfitting or noise. Overall, the approach showed promising results for large-scale observations in highly mixed coastal dunes.
- Empowering maritime spatial planning and marine conservation efforts through digital engagement: the role of online platformsPublication . Gutierrez, Débora; Calado, Helena; Toor, Femke van; Moreira, Mariana; Paramio, Maria Luz; Martins, Francisco; Santos, Natali; Melo, Neuza; Newton, AliceThis study addresses the performance of digital platforms in enhancing ocean governance by improving communication and collaboration among stakeholders. It analyses several platforms based on their collaborative initiatives, digital tools, and ability to function as networks of knowledge. The findings show that these platforms bridge gaps between regional, national, and non-governmental organisations, promoting informed decision making. Their online presence enhances transparency and engagement, especially postCOVID-19. This study highlights the need for hybrid platforms combining informative and interactive elements to better serve both experts and the public. From this analysis, some recommendations are drawn to provide rules and design for the cooperation and co-design of a platform to foster better communication, collaboration, and sustainable ocean management practices.
- Tracking tourism waves: insights from automatic identification system (AIS) data on maritime–coastal activitiesPublication . Ramos, Jorge; Drakeford, Benjamin; Costa, Joana; Madiedo Camelo, Ana Maria; Leitão, FranciscoAbstract: The demand for maritime–coastal tourism has been intensifying, but its offerings are sometimes limited to a few activities. Some of these activities do not require specific skills or certifications, while others do. This study aimed to investigate what type of activities are carried out by tourism and recreational vessels in the coastal area of the central Algarve (Portugal). To this end, data from the automatic identification system (AIS) of recreational vessels was used to monitor and categorise these activities in a non-intrusive manner. A model (TORMA) was defined to facilitate the analysis of AIS data and relate them to five independent variables (distance from the coast, boat speed, bathymetry, seabed type, and number of pings). The results of the analysis of more than 11 thousand hourly AIS records for passenger, sailing, and charter vessels showed that the 14 most regular ones had strong seasonal patterns, greater intensity in summer, and spatial patterns with more records near some coastal cliffs. This study provides valuable information on the management of motorised nautical activities near the coast and at sea, contributing to more informed and effective tourism regulation and planning.
- Deep-sea ecosystems of the North Atlantic Ocean: discovery, status, function and future challengesPublication . Allcock, A. Louise; Amon, Diva J.; Bridges, Amelia E. H.; Colaço, Ana; Escobar-Briones, Elva; Hilário, Ana; Howell, Kerry L.; Mestre, Nélia; Muller-Karger, Frank E.; Priede, Imants G.; Snelgrove, Paul V. R.; Sealey, Kathleen Sullivan; Xavier, Joana R.; Addamo, Anna M.; Amaro, Teresa; Bandara, Gayathra; Bax, Narissa; Braga-Henriques, Andreia; Brandt, Angelika; Brix, Saskia; Cambronero-Solano, Sergio; Cedeño – Posso, Cristina; Copley, Jonathan T.; Cordes, Erik; Cortés, Jorge; Croquer, Aldo; Cuvelier, Daphne; Davies, Jaime S.; Durden, Jennifer M.; Esquete, Patricia; Foster, Nicola L.; Frutos, Inmaculada; Gasbarro, Ryan; Gates, Andrew R.; Gomes, Marta; Goodwin, Lucy V. M.; Horton, Tammy; Hourigan, Thomas; Hoving, Henk-Jan; Jones, Daniel O. B.; Joshi, Siddhi; Kingon, Kelly C.; Lörz, Anne-Nina; Martins, Ana; Merten, Véronique; Metaxas, Anna; Milligan, Rosanna J.; Molodtsova, Tina N.; Morato, Telmo; Morrissey, Declan; Naranjo-Elizondo, Beatriz; Narayanaswamy, Bhavani E.; Olafsdottir, Steinunn H.; Parimbelli, Alexa; Peña, Marian; Piechaud, Nils; Ragnarsson, Stefan; Ramalho, Sofia P.; Rodrigues, Clara F.; Ross, Rebecca E.; Saeedi, Hanieh; Santos, Régis; Schwing, Patrick T.; Serpa, Tiago; Shantharam, Arvind K.; Stevenson, Angela; Yánez-Suárez, Ana Belén; Sutton, Tracey T.; Svavarsson, Jörundur; Taylor, Michelle L.; Grient, Jesse van der; Zwerschke, NadeschaThe North Atlantic is an ocean basin with a diversity of deep-sea ecosystems. Here we provide a summary of the topography and oceanography of the North Atlantic including the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, provide a brief overview of the history of scientific research therein, and review the current status of knowledge of each of 18 pelagic and benthic deep-sea ecosystems, with a particular focus on knowledge gaps. We analyse biodiversity data records across the North Atlantic and highlight spatial data gaps that could provide important foci for future expeditions. We note particular data gaps in EEZs of nations within and bordering the Caribbean Sea. Our data provide a baseline against which progress can be tracked into the future. We review human impacts caused by fishing, shipping, mineral extraction, introduction of substances, and climate change, and provide an overview of international, regional and national measures to protect ecosystems. We recommend that scientific research in the deep sea should focus on increasing knowledge of the distribution and the connectivity of key species and habitats, and increasing our understanding of the processes leading to the delivery of ecosystem services. These three pillars - distribution, connectivity, ecosystem function - will provide the knowledge required to implement conservation and management measures to ensure that any deep-sea development in the future is sustainable. Infrastructure and capacity are unevenly distributed and implementation of strategies that will lead to more equitable deep-sea science is required to ensure that essential science can be delivered.
- Evaluating the effects of water circulation on the modeling of wave propagation on the Southern coast of the Iberian PeninsulaPublication . Mills, Lara; Garzon, Juan L.; Martins, FlávioSimulating wave propagation is crucial for forecasting processes offshore and near the coast. Many operational wave models consider only atmospheric and wave forcing as boundary conditions. However, waves and currents are interdependent, and simulating their interaction is crucial for accurately representing wave propagation. This study examines the influences of the current velocity and water levels on waves on the southern coast of the Iberian Peninsula. These forcing elements were simulated by a 3D hydrodynamic model (MOHID) and included in the Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) model. The standalone SWAN model was calibrated and validated by comparing results of significant wave height, mean wave direction, and peak period with in situ observations. Then, the effects of water levels and current velocities on wave propagation were assessed by forcing the SWAN model with water levels as well as current velocities extracted from different depths: the surface layer and depth-averaged velocities from the surface down to 10 m, 20 m, and the full water column. The results revealed that incorporating the current velocity and water levels from MOHID into the SWAN model reduced the root mean square error (RMSE) between 1.6% and 27.6%. The most accurate results were achieved with model runs that included both the current velocity from the surface layer and water levels. Opposing currents resulted in increases in wave height, whereas following currents resulted in decreases in wave height. This work presents novel results on the effects of hydrodynamics on wave propagation along the southern coast of the Iberian Peninsula, a region of key importance for the blue economy.