CIM2-Artigos (em revistas ou actas indexadas)
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- Just and inclusive enough? designing inclusive NBS to support communities in their just transition towards sustainability and resiliencePublication . Dushkova, Diana; Ivlieva, Olga; Vandewalle, Marie; Carrasco, Rita; Pontón-Cevallos, José; Sieber, Ina M.Nature-based Solutions (NBS) are increasingly promoted as a strategic concept and practical approach to tackle current societal challenges, including climate change, biodiversity loss, and issues related to human health and well-being. Yet, ensuring that NBS are inclusive, just, and empower communities for decision-making remains insufficiently addressed in practice. This study, therefore, aims to a) critically review existing frameworks and approaches to NBS, with a focus on inclusivity, justice, equity, and empowerment; b) conceptualize their interlinkages and highlight their contribution to sustainability transition, and c) propose a comprehensive practitioner-oriented framework with recommended actions, measurable outcomes, and adaptive steps. A targeted semi-systematic literature review has been conducted to identify existing approaches and map knowledge gaps (e.g., current frameworks are often fragmented, lack practical applicability, and are not structured in a practitioner-friendly way). To address these gaps, the study introduces a comprehensive framework and operational guidelines for NBS researchers and practitioners, ensuring meaningful integration of inclusivity, equity, and justice throughout NBS processes. The study links inclusive NBS with just sustainability transitions defined as long-term, structural shifts that restore ecosystems while promoting social equity. It identifies three core principles: leaving no one behind, ensuring equitable distribution of NBS benefits and reduction of burdens, and fostering community empowerment through inclusive, multi-level governance. The resulting framework is structured around four thematic areas: capacity building, stakeholder involvement, inclusive NBS design, and fair benefit distribution and burden reduction. While acknowledging limitations (e.g., data scarcity and contextspecific variability), the study offers actionable guidelines and reflective considerations to support researchers and practitioners in implementing inclusive NBS as drivers of more equitable transition towards sustainability and resilience.
- Gender differences in protein expression after polystyrene nanoplastics exposure in mussels mytilus galloprovincialisPublication . Ribeiro Gonçalves, Joanna Melissa; Mendes, Vera M.; Manadas, Bruno; Bebianno, MariaPlastic pollution is a significant issue that the scientific community has been actively studying due to its harmful effects on aquatic ecosystems. Nanoplastics can pass through cellular barriers and enter the mussel’s bloodstream. More worryingly, they can also penetrate sperm cells and oocytes, potentially impacting their motility and resilience. Reproductive success drives a shift in population dynamics and plays a vital role in maintaining a healthy ecosystem. Proteomics helps detect protein changes caused by exposure to contaminants, such as nanoplastics, in marine organisms, providing deeper molecular-level insights into contamination-induced cellular pathways. Therefore, this study aimed to utilise a high-throughput proteomic approach to evaluate the impact of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) on the gonads of male and female M. galloprovincialis, using a SWATH-MS analysis after 21 days of exposure to 10 μg/L of PS-NPs (50 nm). The accumulation of PS-NPs was also evaluated in male and female mussels. A comparison in protein expression of controls vs. those exposed in male and female mussel gonads and between males and females was evaluated. The findings indicate that PS-NP accumulation in male gonads alters protein expression more significantly than in females, interfering with protein synthesis, energy production, intracellular transport, and cellular homeostasis, and possibly impaired reproductive function. Female gonads exposed to PS-NPs revealed disruption in proteins associated with translation, RNA processing and signaling, ribosome biogenesis, cell cycle regulation, and stress response. Protein folding, lipid metabolism, and calcium signaling pathways were also affected, leading to oogenesis, meiotic progression, intracellular transport, and energy metabolism impairments. These disruptions ultimately impact reproductive success and cellular homeostasis, leading to a decline in biodiversity.
- Stratigraphy, evolution and morphology of a sand-rich shorefacePublication . Green, A. N.; Cooper, J. A. G.; Draycott, H. L.; Loureiro, CarlosShoreface morphology and stratigraphic evolution are poorly documented along most of the world’s coasts yet are acknowledged to be important influences on shoreline behaviour during changing sea levels. A wide, low gradient, wave-dominated shoreface characterises the area off Xai-Xai in southern Mozambique. It is developed on a Holocene wave ravinement surface cut into deltaic sands punctuated by lithified aeolianite ridges. The 2 kmwide mobile shoreface sand body extends to − 23 m depth and averages 10 m in thickness. The modern shoreface bathymetry mimics the underlying wave ravinement surface and this, in turn, is influenced by the presence of aeolianite ridges that create a pronounced break in slope that defines the base of the modern shoreface. The aeolianite influences the wave ravinement profile from which the modern bathymetry is inherited. Comparison with theoretical equilibrium shoreface profile models reveals contrasting shoreface morphodynamic state conditions, dependent upon the model chosen. Based on the model better suited for the lower shoreface. These results emphasize the widely acknowledged but still poorly understood role of geologic inheritance on shoreface morphodynamics and geomorphological evolution, even in sand-rich environments.
- Metal ecotoxicity in sea anemones: accumulation, effects, and knowledge gapsPublication . Vilke, Juliano Marcelo; Power, Deborah Mary; Vieira de Sousa, Cármen Sofia; Mestre, NéliaMetals are a major class of legacy pollutants that end up in marine ecosystems, posing a significant threat to marine biota, including sea anemones. The current review critically synthesises studies published over the last 50 years on the uptake, tissue distribution, and biological effects of 20 metals across 18 sea anemone species in both field and laboratory settings, including interactions with climate change stressors (salinity and pH). Field studies have focused on bioaccumulation and report the high capacity of sea anemones to accumulate metals, mainly iron and barium, primarily in the pedal disk. Laboratory exposure studies reveal a dose- and timedependent accumulation and highlight that symbionts take up and store essential metals (Cu, Fe, and Mn) due to their key biological roles. Available data point to Exaiptasia pallida as a promising model for metal ecotoxicology. Across studies, metals elicit alterations at molecular to behavioural/morphological levels, including transcriptome reprogramming, oxidative stress, and detoxification failures, as well as genotoxicity, cellular injury, immune dysfunction, metabolic and morphological disruption, reproductive impairment, and bleaching, which are generally amplified by climate change stressors. Ultimately, this review identifies key knowledge gaps and outlines future research directions on metal ecotoxicity in sea anemones. Collectively, these insights position sea anemones as informative sentinels of metal contamination in marine ecosystems.
- Impact of trace elements of wastewater from steel and iron industry on benthic communities of Bizerte lagoon (Tunisia)Publication . Jaziri, Sayda; Said, Olfa Ben; Mahmoudi, Ezzeddine; Duran, Robert; Strungaru, Stefan-Adrian; Plavan, Oana; Nicoara, Mircea; Plavan, Gabriel; Chicharo, LuisThe metallurgical industry is amongst the most water-intensive industrial sectors. It generates significant quantities of trace elements (TEs) in wastewater, which are largely discharged into the aquatic ecosystems. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of TEs in wastewater effluent (WWF) from the Tunisian Iron and Steel Company "EL FOULADH" on the Bizerte Lagoon ecosystem. To this end, it entailed collecting samples of EL FOULADH WWF, Bizerte Lagoon water, and sediments from seven stations located both adjacent and far (-0.12, 0.34, 5.37, 7.58, 8.26, 8.65, 11.96 m) from WWF discharge points and measuring their TEs contents. Additionally, sediment contamination indices were estimated and bacterial and meiofaunal community assemblages were analyzed. Both univariate (ANOVA) and multivariate (PCA/CCA/Cluster) analysis revealed significant dissimilarities in the distribution of TEs, meiofaunal, and bacterial communities between downstream and upstream WWF discharge points. The comparison of abiotic and biotic variables revealed specific benthic assemblages for the station closest to the WWF discharge points. Interestingly, these sediments are distinctively characterized by the total disappearance of copepods. These findings offer us valuable information, pointing out to specific meiofauna and bacterial taxa, TEs sediment content affects the benthic assemblage of Bizerte lagoon via modeling trophic relationships.
- Impacts of El Niño on the sediment balance of a transgressive dune-beach systemPublication . Alegría-Arzaburu, Amaia Ruiz de; Costas, Susana; Delgado-Fernández, IreneUnderstanding long-term evolution of sandy coasts requires in-depth analysis of the sediment balance from the shoreface to the beach and dune. While storms typically erode the subaerial beach, they can also contribute sediment from deeper waters to the coastal budget. Here, we explore the impacts of El Nino-driven ˜ storms on the sediment balance across the entire shore-beach-dune profile. Satellite-derived shorelines (1984–2020) were combined with sixty-six topo-bathymetric surveys (2014–2020), along a 1 km stretch of southern Ensenada beach (Baja California). Forcing conditions were characterized using hourly wave and wind data. Multi-decadal shoreline data reveal that high-energy El Nino ˜ events have led to punctuated landward coastline translation. Interannual topo-bathymetric surveys show an active 8 to 9.5 m-high dune ridge along the upper part of the profile, migrating landward at a rate of 5 m/yr. This migration gradually decoupled the dune from the beach, occasionally creating space across the dune toe area for the formation of incipient dunes that eventually merged with the main ridge. The sediment budget analysis indicates a one-way landward transfer of sediment from the winter-berm to the dune. Interestingly, the overall shore-beach-dune sand budget remained positively balanced, with an increase of ≈40 m3 /m related to sediment availability from deeper waters and onshore transport from the lower shoreface. Shoreline trends and sediment budgets illustrate a long-term transgressive system capable of maintaining sedimentary balance in the mid-term. Increased storm activity and sea-level rise are expected to accelerate beach-dune transgression, which could retain sediment balance if offshore inputs persist.
- Controls on blowout evolution in southern Portugal: A 49-year analysisPublication . Talavera, Lara; Costas, Susana; Ferreira, ÓscarBlowouts are wind-formed depressions that help maintain the sediment budget and enhance biodiversity in coastal dunes. However, the drivers controlling their evolution and the temporal scales associated to their genesis, development and decay phases remain unclear. To address this, the morphometric characteristics of a series of blowouts on the Ancao ˜ Peninsula (South Portugal) were digitized using imagery from 1972 to 2021, and used to analyse changes in the number of blowouts, total area, morphometric characteristics (width, length, orientation), and elongation rate over time. These data were compared with metocean time series and human activities, allowing the identification of blowout phases, drivers, and associated temporal scales. This work revealed that the blowout genesis phase primarily arised from the impact of physical external factors (e.g., nonstorm low-to-moderate winds blowing out sand from dune scarp irregularities formerly created by extreme wave events), creating incisions across the foredune crest, and lasted 1 or 2 years. The blowout development phase, still ongoing, was characterized mainly by blowout expansion and rotation of large blowouts from North northeast (NNE) to the East-northeast (ENE) controlled by external physical forces at specific times (e.g., low to-moderate winds) and blowout internal factors (e.g., size and orientation). Complete blowout decay phases were not observed, except the complete artificial sealing of some blowouts due to fencing, which lasted 4 years. These findings suggest that a complete and natural blowout genesis-development-decay cycle could likely take more than five decades, with complex and spatiotemporally variable ecogeomorphic feedbacks driving their evolution. The only phase reversal documented was the reactivation of the artificially sealed blowouts, due to storm impacts. Allowing the dune and blowouts to evolve naturally appears to be the current best approach for the dune management at the studied area.
- Best beaches of the world: a critique of web-based ratingPublication . Oliveira, Elaine Baroni de; Newton, Alice; Botero, Camilo M.This study analyzes the content of internet ratings of beaches to identify the indicators used. The methodology used an exploratory internet survey using the term ‘best beaches’ in five languages. For each site, the ranking method used was extracted and the indicators considered were listed, where applicable. Of the 70 websites analyzed, 47 ranked the beaches (67%) but less than 50% used indicators. The remaining were based on the opinion of the editorial board, personal experience, and users’ perceptions. The most used indicator was the color of water, followed by the color of the sand. These results show that the majority of ‘best beaches’ lists are based on subjective criteria. They are an overview of places that appeal to the person that wrote the page and are not scientifically or analytically based. Even when indicators are considered, these are mostly a reflection of the idea of an idealized beach, crystal blue waters with white or gold sand. The actual quality of the beach, including water quality, carrying capacity, and eco system balance, is not addressed. Although visual attractiveness is a key element for the public, these rankings should incorporate a wider range of indicators to fully assess the quality of a beach.
- Scanning the horizon: anticipating future changes in Portuguese aquatic ecosystemsPublication . Sousa, Ronaldo; Ferreira, Verónica; Costas, Susana; Alves, Celso; Anastácio, Pedro; Chaínho, Paula; Costa, Pedro A.; Duarte, Sofia; Feio, Maria João; Franco, João N.; Gonçalves, José; Ribeiro, Filipe; Robalo, Joana I.; Rivaes, Rui; Santos, Jacqueline; Silva, Janine; Sobral, Paula; Padilha, JaneideWe identified 15 emerging and poorly understood topics related to aquatic ecosystems in Portugal (from an initial pool of 43), which were scored and prioritized using a consensus-based Delphi technique. For marine ecosystems, the topics included current and future threats to low-lying sandy coasts, the impacts of the green energy transition, the risks posed by pathogens on floating ocean debris, the strategic importance of algae for a sustainable future, and Portugal’s potential contribution to the expansion of Marine Protected Areas. For freshwater ecosystems, the topics included identifying drought refuges for freshwater biodiversity, assessing the potential ecological and social costs of water highways, uncovering the hidden impacts of clean energy (floating solar panels and lithium mining), managing water quality in reservoirs, and understanding the potential impacts of the recent expansion of intensive olive orchards. For cross-cutting topics relevant to both types of ecosystems, the most scored topics included the importance of aquatic super-sites for ecological monitoring, new solutions for detecting and removing emerging pollutants, the application of rewilding, the impact of forest pathogens and emerging zoonoses, and the rise of organic compounds as a multidimensional threat. Prioritizing these topics can support a more proactive approach to conserving, managing, and sustainably exploring aquatic ecosystems in Portugal. This methodology can also be used to prioritize research funding areas identified bottom up (by the scientific community) rather than dictated from the top down (by decision-makers) and serve as a roadmap for conducting similar exercises in other regions of the world.
- Trade-offs in marine policy decisions through the lens of literaturePublication . Queiroz, Joyce Dias Gois Rodrigues de; Gutierrez, Débora; Calado, Helena Maria Gregório PinaThe ocean is increasingly affected by the rise in maritime activities. Increased anthropogenic pressures have led to environmental impacts and also intensified competition for space and resources among various socioeconomic sectors. To mitigate these impacts on marine ecosystems and reduce conflicts, management tools and processes such as marine protected areas (MPAs) and maritime spatial planning (MSP) have become more prevalent. Trade-offs are inherent to these, and necessary to meet specific conservation and socioeconomic goals. In response, understanding and managing these trade-offs has become crucial to achieving ocean sustainability. This study performs a bibliometric review to identify the types of trade-offs discussed in the marine literature and examines their operationalization for the conservation and sustainable use of marine resources. The analysis reveals that trade-offs, particularly those between conservation and development, and the interests of specific stakeholders, are most frequently addressed in the trade-off literature and are typically approached through integrative methods. This comprehensive examination highlights the significance of recognizing and addressing trade-offs to achieve effective marine management and conservation, aligning ecological integrity with socioeconomic interests.