CIM2-Artigos (em revistas ou actas indexadas)
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- Delivering scientific evidence for global policy and management to ensure ocean sustainabilityPublication . Evans, K.; Schmidt, J. O.; Addo, K. Appeaning; Campbell, D.; Bebianno, Maria; Fan, J.; Gonzalez-Quiros, R.; Mohammed, E. Y.; Shojaei, M. G.; Smolyanitsky, V.; Zhang, C.-I.Life depends on the ocean, with societal health, cultural systems and national economies reliant on ocean processes and resources. As ocean resources are used, and humans continue to drive climate change, the benefits from the ocean to society are being diminished. Science must meet the needs of policy and deliver to decision makers the information and tools for identifying pathways that support continued delivery of the benefits society derives from the ocean, whilst minimising impacts. This is crucial if the world's nations are to meet the goals and targets they have set under international agreements. Here, we outline how a global assessment that focuses specifically on the ocean, the World Ocean Assessment, is linking science to the governments of the world and their policies within an internationally mandated framework. In doing so, we identify key elements that are needed for facilitating engagement by decision makers and uptake of knowledge, and the pathways taken by the assessment in implementing them. We also provide insights into the evolution that the World Ocean Assessment has undertaken over its first three cycles to progress its goal of enhancing the scientific basis of policymaking. We identify the challenges in delivering science to policy at a global scale and the work that still needs to be done in filling gaps to achieve a coordinated, comprehensive mechanism for connecting science with policy and ensuring future sustainability of the ocean.
- The Escarpão Plateau (South of Portugal)—a study case of nested geosites from the aspiring Algarvensis GeoparkPublication . Veiga-Pires, Cristina; Jenkins Oliveira Fernandes, Sónia Alexandra; Moura, Delminda; Pereira, LuísFlatfish species seem to require dietary taurine for normal growth and development. Although dietary taurine supplementation has been recommended for flatfish, little is known about the mechanisms of taurine absorption in the digestive tract of flatfish throughout ontogeny. This study described the cloning and ontogenetic expression of the taurine transporter (TauT) in the flatfish Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). Results showed a high similarity between TauT in Senegalese sole and other vertebrates, but a change in TauT amino acid sequences indicates that taurine transport may differ between mammals and fish, reptiles or birds. Moreover, results showed that Senegalese sole metamorphosis is an important developmental trigger to promote taurine transport in larvae, especially in muscle tissues, which may be important for larval growth. Results also indicated that the capacity to uptake dietary taurine in the digestive tract is already established in larvae at the onset of metamorphosis. In Senegalese sole juveniles, TauT expression was highest in brain, heart and eye. These are organs where taurine is usually found in high concentrations and is believed to play important biological roles. In the digestive tract of juveniles, TauT was more expressed in stomach and hindgut, indicating that dietary taurine is quickly absorbed when digestion begins and taurine endogenously used for bile salt conjugation may be recycled at the posterior end of the digestive tract. Therefore, these results suggest an enterohepatic recycling pathway for taurine in Senegalese sole, a process that may be important for maintenance of the taurine body levels in flatfish species.
- Palynology of the Albian–Turonian sediments from the Sumbe region, Kwanza Basin (Angola): Implications for paleoenvironment, paleoclimate, and paleogeographyPublication . Rodrigues, Cristina; Mendes, Márcia; Pereira, Zélia; Nsungani, Pedro Claude; Fernandes, Paulo; Duarte, Luís Vítor; Chitangueleca, Belarmino; Sebastião, Lúmen; Aida, Benedito; Esposti, Davide Degli; Freitas, DomingosPalynological investigations in the Sumbe region of the Kwanza Basin, Angola, have identified Albian to Turonian assemblages in four sections of the Quissonde Facies of the Mucanzo, Cabo Ledo, and Itombe formations. These studies aimed to determine their biostratigraphic ages and infer paleoenvironmental, paleoclimatic, and paleogeographic models. The presence of Odontochitina costata, Palaeohystrichophora infusorioides, and Xiphophoridium alatum cysts supports an upper Albian to lower Cenomanian age for the Mucanzo Formation. Litosphaeridium siphoniphorum cyst and the Elateroplicites africaensis pollen found In the Cabo Ledo Formation suggest a Cenomanian age, while Conosphaeridium striatoconum, Heterosphaeridium difficile, and Dinogymnium acuminatum supports a Turonian age for the lower part of the Itombe Formation. All samples predominantly contain fluorescent amorphous organic matter (AOM) derived from phytoplankton degradation, with increasing AOM in the uppermost units, indicating inner neritic marine deposition under dysoxic-anoxic conditions. During the Lower to mid-Cretaceous, the Gondwana breakup caused significant changes, with the palynological indicating a Tethyan affinity with some high-latitude taxa, suggesting a cosmopolitan distribution. The subtropical to tropical nature of the assemblages, along with high-latitude species, indicates a mid-Cretaceous water connection between the Central Atlantic and the South Atlantic oceans, extending to the Kwanza Basin. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
- Harmful Algal Blooms on the Portuguese coast: Cross-checking events with remote sensing ocean colour data for coastal managementPublication . Monteiro, Helena; Goela, Priscila; Pinto, Raquel; Cristina, SóniaPhytoplankton plays a vital role in marine ecosystems, serving as a primary food source for a diverse array of organisms, including commercially important bivalves, crustaceans, and fish. However, in some situations, the proliferation of algae can cause serious economic losses for aquaculture, fishing, and tourism and have major environmental and human health impacts. Increases in the occurrence of toxic phytoplankton blooms in Iberian waters have been reported. Earth Observation (EO) can provide important information about the spatial and temporal distribution and the destination of blooms, with scales not available for conventional monitoring techniques.
- High spatiotemporal resolution free surface detection using cost-effective video equipment and computer vision techniques in nearly stationary flow along a transparent wall in the laboratoryPublication . Martins, Ricardo; Isidoro, Jorge; Lima, João L. M. P. deThe identification of the air-water interface in free surface flows traditionally involves intrusive techniques or costly equipment. Non-intrusive alternatives, such as computer vision, are emerging as highly effective substitutes or supplements for more invasive techniques in laboratory measurements, thanks to their straightforward implementation and cost efficiency. This research specifically delves in the conjunction of various naive techniques, exploring their collective precision in detecting the air-water interface along transparent walls in laboratory. A detection technique based on the double gradient of the image is applied and thoroughly examined. The study progresses through multiple refinement stages, culminating in a method that is both cost effective and easy to implement. This methodology allows for large-scale, high resolution measurements (200 mm x 1800 frames per video at a 0.25 mm, 50 Hz resolution), offering both spatial and temporal measurements by adeptly detecting the free surface along transparent walls.
- Potential biomarkers of metal toxicity in deep-sea invertebrates – a critical review of the omics dataPublication . Vieira de Sousa, Cármen Sofia; Sun, Jin; Mestre, NéliaDeep-sea mining (DSM) activities are expected to release potentially toxic metal mixtures through the generation of sediment plumes to the marine environment. This may disrupt the normal functioning of biological mechanisms, adversely affecting deep-sea invertebrate organisms. It is thus essential to understand the ecotoxicological effects from these toxic elements in deep-sea organisms and the omics approaches applied to ecotoxicology are seen as promising tools. Here, we provide an overview of the principal biological modifications identified in deep-sea invertebrates when exposed to metals and critically evaluate the current knowledge and discuss which potential biomarkers may be useful after metal exposure. Most of the 50 omics studies on deep-sea invertebrates revised are comparative transcriptomes (n = 41). Forty-three potential biomarker candidates are highlighted from immune system, 46 from cellular metabolism and 29 from oxidative stress. The processes mostly affected by metal toxicity in deep-sea invertebrates are related to innate immune defense; sulfur, chitin, and catabolic metabolism; antioxidation; and detoxification. We acknowledge the current limitations and future perspectives for their uses and emphasize the need to invest in further ecotoxicological studies using the omics approaches.
- Upwelling processes variability and water circulation along the northern margin of the Gulf of CadizPublication . de Oliveira Júnior, Luciano; Relvas, Paulo; Garel, ErwanThe present study investigates the contributions of upwelling mechanisms (coastal upwelling from boundary divergence and Ekman pumping from spatially variable wind) at the northern margin of the Gulf of Cadiz (NMGoC) based on high-resolution wind. The effects of the spatiotemporal upwelling mechanisms variability are then explored using current observations along with sea surface temperature and sea level anomaly. Upwelling favourable conditions occur throughout the year along the NMGoC, with the strongest intensity near Cape Sao ˜ Vicente due to a persistent positive wind stress curl. In winter, the surface water divergence is restricted to the coastal boundary due to strong coastal upwelling events that result in a cross-shore sea-level gradient close to the coast. Towards the summer, the gradient increases and extends further offshore (over the slope) at the western region due to the intensification of the Ekman pumping. Therefore, the seasonal and spatial variability of coastal upwelling and Ekman pumping contributes significantly to the offshore position of the geostrophic Gulf of Cadiz Current over the western shelf slope. Furthermore, a permanent sea level depression corresponds to the location of the strongest Ekman pumping, near Cape Sao ˜ Vicente. The dynamic adjustment of this feature may drive the cyclonic cell and alongshore poleward currents often observed in the area.
- Paleolandscape evolution along the coasts of the Baixo Alentejo (Portugal) during the quaternaryPublication . Goy, J.L.; Roquero, E.; Zazo, C.; Moura, Delminda; Dabrio, C.J.; Boski, Tomasz; Martínez-Graña, A.; Lario, J.; Bardají, T.A detailed geomorphological mapping allowed to understand the complex relationships interplayed between local tectonics and sedimentation across the coastal area of the Baixo Alentejo (Portugal) all along the Quaternary. Different outcrops of coastal sediments between Sines and Vilanova de Milfontes permitted to reconstruct a general sequence of up to fifteen stair-cased marine terraces, while wide sequences of alluvial fans develop in the hinterland. The distinct geomorphological disposition of these alluvial fans together with the presence/absence of marine terraces, have allowed to define different phases of paleolandscape evolution based both in sea level changes and differential uplift. A dune system has been attributed to MIS 5e in basis of OSL, and C-14 and U-series dating permitted the adscription of a beach unit to MIS 5. These data allowed to stablish the relative chronology of the entire marine terrace sequence and to determine the vertical movement rates along the studied coastal area. The results give values ranging from slight uplift (+0.015mm/a) to subtle subsidence (-0.030 mm/a), coinciding with other author's determinations.
- Measuring the effectiveness of communication of a podcast on food sustainabilityPublication . Pinto, Bruno; Matias, Ana; Granado, AntónioIn this study, the effectiveness of communication of a podcast was assessed regarding the variables knowledge retention and interest. Two podcast episodes were produced about Portuguese research in sustainable food, and two news pieces with similar information and reading times were written to be used as a control for this experiment. Initially, 115 students from two universities in Lisbon filled in an online pre-test questionnaire. One week later, 102 students from those 115 students initially assessed listened to one podcast or read one news piece and completed an online post-test questionnaire. Statistical analysis showed a significant increase in the knowledge retention in both media and no significant differences in what concerns interest on food sustainability or science. Moreover, it was found that there were no significant differences between the two tested media in both the knowledge retention and interest. Nevertheless, the recent popularity of podcasts may justify its production as a new and flexible way to communicate science.
- Global reorganization of atmospheric circulation during Dansgaard–Oeschger cyclesPublication . Jens Fohlmeister; Natasha Sekhon; Andrea Columbu; Guido Vettoretti; Nils Weitzel; Kira Rehfeld; Maya Ben-Yami; Norbert Marwan; Niklas Boers; Veiga-Pires, CristinaIce core records from Greenland provide evidence for multiple abrupt cold-warm-cold events recurring at millennial time scales during the last glacial interval. Although climate variations resembling Dansgaard- Oeschger (DO) oscillations have been identified in climate archives across the globe, our understanding of the climate and ecosystem impacts of the Greenland warming events in lower latitudes remains incomplete. Here, we investigate the influence of DO-cold-to-warm transitions on the global atmospheric circulation pattern. We comprehensively analyze delta O-18 changes during DO transitions in a globally distributed dataset of speleothems and set those in context with simulations of a comprehensive high-resolution climate model featuring internal millennial-scale variations of similar magnitude. Across the globe, speleothem delta O-18 signals and model results indicate consistent large-scale changes in precipitation amount, moisture source, or seasonality of precipitation associated with the DO transitions, in agreement with northward shifts of the Hadley circulation. Furthermore, we identify a decreasing trend in the amplitude of DO transitions with increasing distances from the North Atlantic region. This provides quantitative observational evidence for previous suggestions of the North Atlantic region being the focal point for these archetypes of past abrupt climate changes.