CIM2-Artigos (em revistas ou actas indexadas)
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- The rio grande rise: current knowledge and future frontiers for deep-sea science, mineral resources and governancePublication . Jovane, Luigi; Ulsen, Carina; Galante, Douglas; Bernardini, Simone; Bergo, Natascha Menezes; Braga, Elisabete de Santis; Brandini, Frederico P.; Carrion, Ronaldo; Castro, David Lopes de; Constantino, Renata R.; Hassan, Muhammad Bin; Janasi, Valdecir de Assis; Jeck, Izabel King; Junior, Marco Antonio Couto; de Oliveira Júnior, Luciano; Lima, Fabiola A.; Marques, Simone; Massola, Gustavo M.; Mestre, Nélia; Mohriak, Webster; Monlevade, Eduardo F.; Oliveira, Carina Costa de; Pellizari, Vivian Helena; Portes, Marcelo Cecconi; Praxedes, Adriane G. P.; Rodrigues, Fabio; Rodrigues, Lucas C. V.; Sanz, Francisco Javier González; Silveira, Ilson C. A. da; Soto, Jules M. R.; Souza-Neto, Pedro Walfir; Sumida, Paulo Y. G.; Tagliaro, Gabriel T.; Silva, Solange Teles da; Turra, Alexander; Santos, Roberto Ventura; Yamamoto, Marcio; Mello, Sidney L. M.The Rio Grande Rise (RGR) is the largest oceanic plateau in the South Atlantic and represents a key natural laboratory for understanding oceanic plateau formation, deep-sea circulation, ecosystem functioning, and ferromanganese crust development. This study presents a critical synthesis of current scientific knowledge on the RGR, integrating geological, geophysical, oceanographic, biological, and geochemical evidence published over the last two decades. Geophysical data reveal a complex tectono-magmatic evolution involving Late Cretaceous plume-related volcanism, crustal thickening, rifting, and subsequent subsidence. The structural framework of the plateau is dominated by the Cruzeiro do Sul Rift, which plays a central role in controlling sedimentation, magmatism, and seawater circulation. Oceanographic studies demonstrate that the interaction between the southern branch of the South Equatorial Current and the complex topography of the RGR generates intense internal tides and bottom currents, strongly influencing sediment transport and benthic habitats. Biological investigations indicate that the RGR hosts diverse deep-sea communities, including sponge grounds, cold-water corals, and associated fauna, whose distribution is tightly linked to geomorphology and hydrodynamics. Ferromanganese crusts occurring on the plateau preserve valuable geochemical records of oceanographic and redox conditions, although their spatial distribution, thickness, and metal budgets remain incompletely constrained. Despite major advances, significant knowledge gaps persist regarding crustal structure, sedimentary evolution, ecosystem functioning, and mineral formation processes. This review highlights these uncertainties and outlines research priorities necessary to improve understanding of oceanic plateaus and deep-sea systems in the South Atlantic.
- A hybrid approach for rapid coastal flooding impact prediction in data-scarce environments: an early warning system perspectivePublication . Garzon, Juan L.; Husemann, Paul; Bonetti, JarbasLow coastal areas are increasingly exposed to extreme meteo-oceanographic events that generate large storm surges and energetic waves, leading to wave overtopping and coastal flooding. Early Warning Systems (EWSs) can enhance short-term preparedness and mitigate the impacts of these natural hazards; however, their implementation is often constrained by the high computational cost of process-based models and by the limited availability of site-specific data required for reliable impact predictions (e.g., model devel¬opment, calibration and validation). Among the different tools available to make overtop-ping predictions, in this study, we developed a hybrid approach that combined flexible pro¬cess-based numerical modeling (XBeach) with a probabilistic approach based on Bayesian Networks. The framework was implemented at two contrasting beach profiles (strongly urbanized and semi-natural) along an embayed beach in Santa Catarina, Brazil, allowing explicit assessment of spatial variability in storm response. The Bayesian Networks acted as computationally efficient surrogates of the numerically intensive XBeach simulations, providing probabilistic estimates of storm-induced impacts as a function of offshore oce¬anic conditions at a fraction of the computational cost. To ensure robust predictive skill, the Bayesian Networks were trained using several thousand real storm scenarios and their associated hazards and impacts simulated with XBeach. Accurate model simulations of wave overtopping required quantitative information on bathymetry and overtopping dis¬charges, which were not readily available in the study area, as is often the case in data-scarce regions worldwide. This limitation was addressed by constructing an empirical profile formulation (e.g., Dean’s equilibrium profile) for beach profile reconstruction and by using non-professional imagery to estimate damage levels and infer associated over¬topping discharges. By coupling physically based modeling with data-driven probabilistic inference, the proposed framework enabled rapid, robust, and uncertainty-aware predic¬tions of storm impacts suitable for operational EWS applications. Moreover, the extensive training dataset provides meaningful insights into the variability of hazard intensity and impact severity along embayed beaches and allows identification of critical storm condi¬tions driving extreme responses. Overall, this work advances coastal hazard prediction by providing a transferable and computationally efficient methodology that explicitly ad¬ dresses data limitations, thereby supporting more effective coastal risk management and EWS development in vulnerable and data-limited coastal settings.
- Global research trends on coastal dunes: implications for a semi-arid coast in Northeastern BrazilPublication . Nova, Raquel Arcoverde Vila; Gonçalves, Rodrigo Mikosz; Costas, Susana; Galiforni-Silva, Filipe; Ponsoni, Leandro; Sousa, Paulo Henrique Gomes de OliveiraThis study aimed to evaluate and quantify the environmental impacts generated by anthropogenic actions on coastal dunes globally using bibliometric data, while concurrently identifying human impacts in a local context on the Brazilian semi-arid coast. A systematic review identified 897 relevant publications from a final sample of 1838 works, revealing an increasing trend in global research, peaking in 2018. Geographically, the United States (141), Italy (95), and Spain (79) lead the field, with Brazil contributing 46 publications. The global overview highlights urbanization (217 studies) and tourism (193 studies) as the most frequent impact factors, contrasting with common mitigation measures like dune stabilization with vegetation (112 studies) and beach nourishment (74 studies). Critically, 11 studies reported that management actions, particularly stabilization without considering native flora, led to problems with invasive plants. A significant research gap was identified due to the absence of literature on wind farms, typically located in transgressive dune systems. The local case study in Ceará state confirms dynamics consistent with global trends, where intense exploitation results in management failures; quantitative temporal analysis (2015–2023) demonstrated a dramatic 86.76% loss of dune area in Fortim and a 4.24 km2 loss in Jijoca de Jericoacoara. Findings suggest that, in the Ceará case study, restricting access, promoting community participation, and relocating infrastructure to more appropriate areas may help mitigate human impacts. In addition to identifying potential research gaps, this integration of global and local analysis approaches can contribute to evidence-based coastal dune management adapted to local conditions.
- A hybrid decision-support framework for managing salt intrusion via controlled freshwater pulses in regulated estuariesPublication . Martín-Llanes, Guillermo; Garel, Erwan; López-Ruiz, AlejandroManaging salt intrusion in estuaries is critical given increasing freshwater scarcity and human-induced salinization. This study presents a transferable hybrid framework to support salt intrusion management in regulated estuaries, combining a three-dimensional Delft3D-Flow model with parameterized analytical equations for predicting salt intrusion under varying discharge. Model implementation is based on estuarine domains with idealized geometries, reducing human-resource demands while enhancing accessibility and reproducibility. The steady intrusion equation follows Hansen and Rattray (1966), whereas the unsteady intrusion equation follows Monismith (2017). The framework is demonstrated in the Guadiana Estuary and applied to: (1) identify the key variables controlling the salinity response to short-duration freshwater pulses, and (2) optimize freshwaterrelease strategies based on limited freshwater volumes. Results highlight the critical role of background flow over pulse configuration (i.e., peak discharge and duration) when pulse volume is constant: the period during which salt intrusion remains below x = 47 km varies from 29 to 55 days as background flow increases from 6 to 8 m3 s − 1 , while increasing peak discharge from 300 to 1800 m3 s − 1 extends that period by one day. For a fixed freshwater volume of 45 hm3 and a background flow of 4 m3 s − 1 , optimized release strategies yield maximum control durations of 15–125 days for intrusion threshold values between 30 and 50 km, respectively. Overall, the framework offers a practical decision-support tool that enhances stakeholder engagement in water resource and salt intrusion management, particularly by enabling rapid optimization of freshwater-release strategies under limited freshwater availability and user-defined salinity thresholds.
- Reported declines of the grooved carpet-shell clam (Ruditapes decussatus) across southwestern Europe and the Mediterranean: insights from expert knowledgePublication . Derolez, Valérie; Auriemma, Rocco; Bonačić, Kruno; Borme, Diego; Caill-Milly, Nathalie; Carboni, Stefano; Costa, Fiz da; Ferreira, João G.; Rocha, Marta; Magni, Paolo; Maia, Francisco; Mavrič, Borut; Medhioub, Walid; Newton, Alice; Pastres, Roberto; Pitacco, Valentina; Reizopoulou, Sofia; Saavedra, Carlos; Sanchez, Florence; Vázquez, Elsa; Watanabe, Satoshi; Lagarde, FranckThe grooved carpet-shell clam (Ruditapes decussatus) is a native clam species that inhabits estuaries, lagoons, and coastal flats along the Mediterranean Sea and the northeast Atlantic. This highly prized bivalve is an ecosystem engineer that provides major ecological functions, including water filtration and sediment bioturbation. A decline in production has recently been observed in several areas of southwestern European and the Mediterranean region; however, data documenting this phenomenon remain scarce and are largely unpublished. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a study based on official statistics, the expertise of 24 marine ecosystem experts from eight countries covering 17 coastal sites, and a preliminary literature map. This approach enabled the development of an expert-informed regional perspective on the reported declines of R. decussatus, as well as a synthesis of the regulatory measures and restoration actions implemented across the study area. The findings indicate a sharp decline in both production ( 32 to 100%) and stocks (≈ 80%) over the past two decades. The onset of the decline varied among sites, occurring between 2003 and 2024. According to the participating experts, the main suspected drivers of the decline were disease, overfishing, competition with alien species, and climate change. The most common regulatory measures were minimum conservation reference sizes, closed fishing seasons, and licenses. Only a few restoration projects were identified, focusing on restocking through seeding, the collection of natural broodstock, harvesting natural spat or substrate modification. This study provides a preliminary overview of the seemingly widespread decline of R. decussatus across the southwestern European and Mediterranean region and highlights the need for coordinated research to elucidate the causes of this reported decline, as well as for restoration actions to support the recovery of this native species.
- A guide to support the integration of marine protected areas into maritime spatial planningPublication . Calado, Helena; Markovic, Marina; Dias Gois Rodrigues de Queiroz, Joyce; Gutierrez, Débora; Pegorelli, Camila; Santos, Catarina FrazãoMarine protected areas can contribute to achieving biodiversity targets, especially when embedded in maritime spatial planning (MSP). Drawing on a screening of European MSP, this work presents a framework spanning pre-planning, planning and implementation. At each stage, it combines Strategic Environmental Assessment, a Criteria Checklist, and Strategic Recommendations to align conservation objectives, blue-economy activities and the rights and needs of coastal communities, supporting a more just, healthy and productive ocean.
- Incidence and risk factors of soil‐transmitted helminths among vegetable farmers of Addis Ababa, EthiopiaPublication . Gurmassa, Bethelhem kinfu; Gari, Sirak Robele; Solomon, Ephrem Tefera; Dessie, Bitwe K.; Alemu, Bezatu MengistieBackground: Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are common neglected tropical diseases in areas with poor sanitation. InEthiopia, urban farmers using contaminated river water for irrigation are exposed to parasite infection. This study examined theincidence and associated risk factors of STH infections among vegetable farmers in Addis Ababa, comparing those usingwastewater with those using clean water.Methods: A mixed-methods design was applied, incorporating a community-based cross-sectional survey and a longitudinallaboratory investigation from December 2021 to December 2023. The study involved 290 farmers (136 wastewater-exposed and 129unexposed) across 10 sites along the Big and Little Akaki Rivers. Data were collected via questionnaires, observation, health diaries,and stool samples, with diagnosis performed using the Kato–Katz method. STATA 14 was used for data analysis, including logisticregression to identify signifcant risk factors (p < 0.05).Results: STH incidence was signifcantly higher among wastewater-irrigating farmers (19.8%) compared to nonusers (8.5%), withincidence rates of 7.1 and 3.04 per 1000 person-months, respectively. The relative risk was 2.32, indicating wastewater irrigationincreases STH infection. Risk factors among wastewater-exposed farmers, poor fngernail hygiene (AOR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.65–42.7),and not wearing boots (AOR = 3.4; 95% CI: 1.66–11.5) increased STH infection risk. Defecating on farms raised infection odds inboth exposed (AOR = 2.89; 95% CI: 1.55–3.05) and unexposed (AOR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.55–2.10) groups. Hand contamination(AOR = 6.9; 95% CI: 2.92–55.7), washing vegetables with wastewater (AOR = 11.6; 95% CI: 3.64–23.9), and not wearing protectiveclothing (exposed: AOR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.11–87.9; unexposed: AOR = 1.89; 95% CI: 1.31–22.8) also signifcantly contributed to STHinfection.Conclusion: Wastewater irrigation signifcantly elevates the risk of STH infections, promoting afordable safe wastewater ir-rigation practices (sand or gravel flters, drip irrigation) along with hygiene, sanitation, and health education for farmers, to protectfarming communities.
- The geochronological landscape of Mozambique: absolute dates from archaeological and palaeoenvironmental contextsPublication . Bicho, Nuno; Gomes, Ana; Skosey-LaLonde, Elena; Raja, MussaThis paper presents a systematic review of absolute dating data from Mozambique, drawing on a compiled database of 442 dates from 69 sites. The dataset spans archaeological and palaeoenvironmental contexts and encompasses dates ranging from the present day to close to a half a million years ago, covering the whole of the Holocene and part of the Middle and Upper Pleistocene. The most widely used dating method is radiocarbon (AMS and original), followed by luminescence techniques (OSL variants and pIRIR), electron spin resonance (ESR), uranium-series and cosmogenic nuclide dating. More than 250 dates belong to archaeological contexts distributed across four cultural phases — the Ceramic Phase, the Later Stone Age, the Middle Stone Age and the Early Stone Age — while the remaining entries come from palaeoenvironmental contexts. Regionally, the southern provinces of Inhambane, Gaza and Maputo are the most densely sampled, followed by the central region (Zambezia, Tete, Sofala and Manica) and lastly the northern region (Cabo Delgado, Niassa and Nampula). These distributions are discussed in the light of research history and the chronological resolution offered by each method. Significant gaps are identified in the geochronological coverage of Mozambique that call for targeted future investigation.
- Diagnosis of residual flow drivers in estuaries with the densimetric tidal Froude numberPublication . Khosravi, Maziar; Fortunato, A. B.; Lopez-Ruiz, A.; Valle-Levinson, A.; Garel, ErwanResidual circulation in estuaries drives salt intrusion, material transport, and ecosystem functioning. Yet the ability to diagnose its dominant forcing mechanism remains a challenge. While previous studies suggest that the densimetric tidal Froude number () may distinguish tidal from baroclinic forcing, its reliability across varying estuarine conditions and spatial scales requires systematic evaluation. This study carries out such evaluation with a suite of process-oriented numerical simulations in an idealized estuary–shelf system that features Gaussian cross-channel bathymetry. Here, is treated as a diagnostic indicator reflecting the dynamics established by either barotropic or baroclinic forcing. The model configuration spans a parameter space that includes variations in tidal amplitude, channel depth, lateral slope, and river discharge. Residual circulation regimes are diagnosed using the ratio between the barotropic and baroclinic terms of the tidally averaged, axial momentum equation obtained from model outputs. Diagnoses are made together with the transverse structure of residual flows, allowing direct comparison with predictions. This study demonstrates that can reliably diagnose the dominant driver of residual circulation when the density length scale is defined over the shortest feasible axial distances. Crucially, the results show that the skill of is highly sensitive to this spatial scale: its performance deteriorates when the density gradient is computed over lengths that extend into regions with heterogeneous forcing. Across all simulations, functions as a robust bulk indicator of tide-dominated, density-dominated, or regimes influenced by both forcings only when the density scale is restricted to zones where the axial density gradient is approximately constant. Such zones consistently occupy the seaward side of the peak salinity gradient. Within this region, emerges as a relevant diagnostic tool and offers process-oriented guidance for results that require identifying the prevailing residual-flow driver. The experiments suggest configuration-dependent ranges associated with regimes dominated by tides, density gradients, or both
- The ecosystem services of irrigated orchards: a reviewPublication . Matias, Pedro; Trindade, Ana Rita; Magalhães, Tomás Thormann Abranches de; Lisboa de Souza Junior, Silvio; Zarcos Duarte, Beatriz; Guerreiro David Coelho, Luísa Isabel; Freitas, Miguel João Pisoeiro de; Barrote, Isabel; Duarte, AmilcarIn the context of global population growth and intensifying climate change, ensuring food security remains a critical challenge. Orchards are more productive than arable crops, contributing significantly to the nutrition of a growing population. Ecologically, due to the absence of frequent soil tillage, orchards resemble natural forest ecosystems more closely than other agricultural systems. Irrigated orchards are particularly productive and enhance biodiversity in territories where water scarcity is the limiting factor for ecosystems. This review, the result of extensive reflection and a comprehensive analysis of the literature on orchard sustainability, synthesizes evidence on the diverse ecosystem services provided by these perennial systems. Due to their structural complexity, well-managed orchards contribute significantly to climate regulation through carbon sequestration, microclimate cooling, and soil erosion prevention. Furthermore, they support nutrient cycling and provide cultural value. This paper establishes an integrated scientific framework to inform evidence-based policies and reshape societal perceptions. It argues that recognizing orchards as multifunctional landscapes, rather than mere resource consumers, is critical for environmental resilience, supporting their fair valuation as essential components of a sustainable bioeconomy.