CIM2-Artigos (em revistas ou actas indexadas)
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- Preliminary insight into winter native fish assemblages in guadiana estuary salt marshes coping with environmental variability and non-indigenous fish introductionPublication . Goncalves, Renata; Teodosio, Maria; Cruz, Joana; Ben-Hamadou, Radhouan; Correia, Ana Dulce; Chicharo, LuisThis work aims to undertake a preliminary characterization of winter fish assemblages in the salt marsh areas of Guadiana lower estuary (South-East Portugal) and discusses the potential risks of habitat dominance by a non-indigenous species (NIS). To this effect, six field campaigns were carried out in four sampling sites during winter season targeting the collection of fish species. A total of 48 samples were collected. Individuals from seven different taxa (marine and estuarine) were collected, although the assemblage was dominated by two estuarine species—the native Pomatoschistus sp. (goby) and the NIS Fundulus heteroclitus (mummichog). Goby was the most abundant taxa in the majority of salt marsh habitats, except for one specific, marsh pool, where extreme environmental conditions were registered, namely high temperature and salinity. Such conditions may have boosted the intrusion of mummichog in this area. This species is well adapted to a wide range of abiotic factors enabling them to colonize habitats where no predators inhabit. Impacts of mummichog introduction in the Guadiana salt marsh area are still unpredictable since this is the first time they have been recorded in such high density. Nevertheless, in scenarios of increased anthropogenic pressure and, consequently, habitat degradation, there is a potential risk of mummichog spreading to other habitats and therefore competing for space and food resources with native species.
- Efficacy of slow sand filtration enriched with trichoderma atroviride in the control of fusarium oxysporum in soilless cultivation systemsPublication . Matias, Pedro; Guerreiro David Coelho, Luísa Isabel; Reis, MárioOn a planet intending to move toward carbon neutrality while ensuring food security, maximizing water and nutrient use efficiency in agriculture is essential. Soilless cultivation offers a promising solution for food production, yet in substrate-based systems, excess nutrient solution (drainage) is often discarded to maintain phytosanitary safety, resulting in considerable water and nutrient waste. Reusing this drainage requires disinfection to eliminate pathogens. Among available methods, slow sand filtration (SSF) is ecological, economical, and simple, showing strong biological control potential, though not always fully effective against Fusarium oxysporum. Trichoderma atroviride, an antagonistic fungus, may enhance SSF performance. Its antagonistic capacity was evaluated in vitro via direct confrontation assays and in vivo using a closed-loop soilless cucumber cultivation system with eight treatment combinations of SSF, T. atroviride, and F. oxysporum. SSF reduced F. oxysporum incidence by approximately 48%, T. atroviride in irrigation by 44%, and SSF enriched with T. atroviride reached 58% disease incidence reduction, though this increase was not statistically significant. These results confirm that both SSF and T. atroviride can partially suppress F. oxysporum, but further optimization is needed for consistent and complete pathogen control.
- Gamification on mathematics engagement and motivation in secondary school and higher education: a systematic review and meta-analysisPublication . Ratinho, Elias; Figueiredo, Mauro; Estêvão, Maria Dulce da Mota Antunes de Oliveira ; Faísca, Luís; Martins, CátiaThis systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of gamification on students’ motivation and engagement in mathematics at the secondary and higher education levels. A literature search (April 2025) followed by an updated search (November 2025) across ten databases identified 45 studies for qualitative synthesis and 11 for meta-analysis. The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines with a pre-registered protocol, and study quality was appraised with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Meta-analytic results using a three-level Correlated and Hierarchical Effects model with robust variance estimation showed a significant small-to-moderate positive effect on motivation (g = .383, 95% CI [.11, .66], p = .0218). Motivation was assessed more consistently than engagement that could not be included in the meta-analysis due to the lack of validated measures. The systematic review indicates that gamification supports motivation and engagement, with only four studies reporting negative effects. Most interventions used digital platforms (e.g., Kahoot!; Classcraft) and common game elements such as points, leaderboards and instant feedback. Overall, gamification appears promising for enhancing motivation and engagement in mathematics when designs are aligned with students’ needs, balancing competition with mastery and cooperation. Therefore, educators should limit excessive competition and prioritize personal progress and cooperative tasks that foster social interaction. Future studies should employ validated measures, larger samples, and examine both motivation and engagement to strengthen the evidence base and guide effective implementation in education.
- From Lignocellulosic residues to protein sources: insights into biomass pre-treatments and conversionPublication . Vera dos Anjos, Isabela; Coelho, Natacha; Duarte, Hugo; Proença, Diogo Neves; Duarte, Maria F.; Jorge de Barros, Raúl José; Raposo, Sara; Gonçalves, Sandra; Romano, Anabela; Medronho, BrunoWith the global population steadily rising, the demand for sustainable protein sources has become increasingly urgent. Traditional animal- and plant-based proteins face challenges related to scalability, resource efficiency, and environmental impact. In this context, single-cell protein has emerged as a promising alternative. Derived from microorganisms such as algae, bacteria, fungi, and yeast, single-cell protein offers a high nutritional profileincluding all essential amino acids and vitamins—while enabling rapid production, minimal land and water requirements, and no generation of greenhouse gas emissions. A particularly compelling advantage of single-cell protein is its ability to be produced from agro-industrial waste, converting low-cost residues into valuable nutritional resources and contributing to environmental sustainability. Among these waste streams, lignocellulosic biomass from agricultural and forestry residues stands out as a renewable, biodegradable, and abundant feedstock. This review explores the potential of lignocellulosic waste as a substrate for single-cell protein production, emphasizing both its environmental advantages and nutritional value. It highlights the single-cell protein role as a sustainable and scalable alternative to conventional protein sources. The review also identifies key scientific, economic, and regulatory challenges, and recognizes the importance of targeted investments, particularly in policy development, public awareness, and technological innovation, to enable the broader adoption and acceptance of single-cell protein -based products.
- Early Pleistocene (1.94–1.46 Ma) records for the upper mediterranean outflow Water branch reveal low and high latitude climate influencesPublication . Voelker, Antje; Ducassou, Emanuelle; Balestra, Barbara; Flores, Jose Abel; Acton, Gary D.; Richter, Carl; Xuan, Chuang; Lofi, Johanna; Alberto, Ana; Kuhnert, Henning; Zarikian, Carlos A. AlvarezThe Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW), modified by paleoceanographic conditions and tectonic processes, played a significant role in the formation of sediments drifts along the Iberian Margin. Using sediment samples from IODP Hole U1387C, we explore the Early Pleistocene history of the upper MOW core above the central Faro Drift in the Gulf of Cadiz. The time series of benthic foraminifer stable isotope and grain size related data have a rigorous stratigraphic framework consisting of nannofossil biostratigraphy and paleomagnetic and delta 18O stratigraphy. The paleoenvironmental records are supplemented by natural gamma ray downhole logging data. Above the hiatus associated with the youngest dolostone, sandy to muddy contourite sedimentation started at 1.946 Ma, i.e., within Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 74, at IODP Site U1387, slightly younger than at IODP Site U1389. Formation of contourite layers, reflected in the sortable silt and sand percentage records, strongly reacted to precession forcing, including semi- and quarter-precession cycles. The majority of the contourite beds developed during stadial (colder) climate periods, like previous observations from the Early to Late Pleistocene. Formation of contourite layers within MIS 53, MIS 55 and MIS 65, however, appear to be linked to the prevailing atmospheric conditions over North Africa. Periods of poor ventilation in the upper MOW were linked to insolation maxima and reduced ventilation in the Mediterranean Sea. Here, MIS 51 presents a peculiar case as poor ventilation reached from the surface to the lower North Atlantic Deep Water range, reflecting unique interglacial conditions that merit future exploration.
- Seasonal, spatial, and high-frequency monitoring of dissolved oxygen and net ecosystem metabolism in a shallow coastal lagoon, Ria Formosa – PortugalPublication . Correia, Cátia; Jacob, José; Cravo, AlexandraThis study provides a detailed assessment of dissolved oxygen (DO) dynamics and net ecosystem metabolism (NEM) in the Ria Formosa coastal lagoon, highlighting how spatial and temporal variability shape mesotidal ecosystems. Complementary approaches were applied: short-term (24 h) diel oxygen open-water method at two stations (eastern and western boundaries) in comparison with the bottle incubation method, and a 2.5-year high-frequency dataset at an inner station lagoon. DO showed clear seasonal patterns, largely driven by photosynthesis and respiration, but strongly modulated by water circulation and hydrodynamics. Sporadic hypoxic events (DO ≤ 2 mg L−1) were observed but do not represent a risk. The boundary stations are shallower and colonized by submerged vegetation, displayed stronger diel fluctuations than at the inner station, underscoring the role of biological processes in lagoon metabolism. NEM estimates revealed strong spatial contrasts: the western station was autotrophic, while the eastern station predominantly attributed to restricted water exchange. Long-term records from the inner station indicated a slightly heterotrophic status, reinforcing the value of sustained high-frequency monitoring for capturing ecosystem trends overlooked by short-term approaches. The results also highlight lagoon–coastal ocean connectivity, suggesting dual exchanges: local production may be exported offshore to sustain adjacent coastal areas, while coastal processes, such as upwelling, can also influence lagoon metabolism. Methodological comparisons confirmed that bottle incubation method underestimated NEM relative to diel oxygen open-water method, emphasizing the role of hydrodynamics in mesotidal system metabolism. Although sampling focused on western and eastern boundaries and inner lagoon, the strong tidal renewal in the main and secondary channels suggests Ria Formosa overall is close to metabolic balance, with spatial heterogeneity shaped by hydrodynamics, vegetation, and coastal forcing. By integrating short-term, high-frequency, and long-term observations, this study advances understanding of metabolism in coastal lagoons, offering key insights for predicting ecosystem responses to climate change and for guiding management of vulnerable coastal environments.
- Matrix solid-phase dispersion procedure for determination of antibiotics and metabolites in mussels: application in exposure bioassaysPublication . Mejías, Carmen; GARCIA DA FONSECA, TAINÁ; García-Criado, Noelia; Martín, Julia; Santos, Juan Luis; Aparicio, Irene; Alonso, EstebanAbstract: The presence of antibiotics in seafood for human consumption may pose a risk for consumers. Furthermore, some marine organisms, such as mussels, can result in appropriate bioindicators of marine contamination. In this work, a multiresidue analytical methodology suitable for the determination of antibiotics and metabolites in mussels is proposed. The target compounds include three sulphonamides and trimethoprim (TMP) and six of their main metabolites. Sample treatment involves extraction and clean-up in a single step using matrix solid-phase dispersion with acetonitrile. Analytical determination was carried out by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Good linearity (R2 > 0.99), accuracy (from 80.8 to 118%), and limits of quantification (lower than 5 ng g−1 (dry matter, dm)) were obtained for all selected compounds. The method was applied to the determination of antibiotics in mussel samples from an exposure assay with contaminated seawater with TMP and sulfamethoxazole (SMX). Both antibiotics were detected in the analysed samples with concentrations up to 77.5 ng g−1 dm. TMP was bioconcentrated to a higher extent than SMX, attributable to its higher hydrophobicity. None of the metabolites were detected. These results demonstrate that Mytilus galloprovincialis is a suitable bioindicator to assess marine pollution.
- Sustainable solutions: exploring trade-offs in marine protected areas from six European case sitesPublication . Gutierrez, Débora; Calado, Helena; Barboza, Francisco Rafael; Markovic, Marina; Queiroz, Joyce Dias Gois Rodrigues de; Pegorelli, Camila; Boudy, Claire; Raedemaecker, Fien De; Stanchev, Hristo; Withouck, Inne; Stojanovic, Ivana; Zaucha, Jacek; García-Sanabria, Javier; Pinarbasi, Kemal; Matczak, Magdalena; Stancheva, Margarita; Sciascia, Roberta; Newton, AliceMaritime Spatial Planning (MSP) is a crucial tool for the sustainable use of ocean resources, requiring the negotiation of trade-offs among ecological, economic, and social interests. This study validates a participatory four-block methodology-preparation, option setting, trade-off negotiation and implementation-applied across six European case sites within the MSP4BIO project. It produced practical guidance-especially for the 'Trade-off Negotiation' phase, in a participatory context. This process was operationalized across the sites through three core phases: (I) preparation, (II) collaborative engagement with stakeholders, and (III) post-meeting consolidation. Participatory mapping tools such as SeaSketch were used to visualize spatial conflicts and support stakeholder engagement. Findings show that trade-offs are highly context-specific, requiring flexible, data-driven, and inclusive decision-making processes. Common challenges include data limitations, varying technical capacities, and the need for stronger integration of MSP and Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). A qualitative cross-case comparison emphasized the importance of harmonized and adaptive methods to support participatory governance, and ecological resilience in the face of climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressures on marine environments. This study is the first operational test in case sites, across six European sea basins, and present the comparative validation of the Calado et al1. Trade-offs method.
- Microplastics hot spots at the South Iberian MarginPublication . Bebianno, Maria; Cristina, Sónia; Nathan, Justine; Goela, Priscila; Dias Duarte Fragoso, Bruno; Icely, John David; Moura, DelmindaThe persistent accumulation of microplastics (MPs) in sediments poses ecological risks to benthic organisms and contributes to the broader issue of marine pollution. This study quantitatively analysed MPs in sediments, water and mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis from eleven sites of the South Portuguese coast in two contrasting climatic seasons (summer and winter). MPs were detected in sediments, water, and M. galloprovincialis at all study sites, although their abundance, colour, size, and type varied across compartments, locations, and seasons. Three hot spots of MPs contamination were identified at the South Portuguese coast. In these areas, the concentration of MPs in sediments was three orders of magnitude higher than water and mussels. The MPs identified had distinct colour patterns: transparent particles dominated in sediments, while blue was the most common in water and mussels. A size-dependent accumulation pattern was observed in the sediments, suggesting selective retention of MPs according to natural particle size, and a relationship was observed between MP levels in sediments and in mussels. Polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) were dominant polymers in sediments while PP, PE and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were consistently present in water and mussels. Polybuthyl methachrylate (PBMA) was also detected in surface water and ingested by mussels. These findings suggest that variability in MPs abundance and polymer composition is linked to differences in local human activities. They also provide strong evidence for the importance of controlling land-based sources of MPs, particularly those transported to the coastal area by transported by rivers.
- Spectral unmixing of coastal dune plant species from very high resolution satellite imageryPublication . Kombiadou, Katerina; Costas, Susana; Gallego-Fernández, Juan Bautista; Yang, Zhicheng; Serrão Bon de Sousa, Maria Luísa; Silvestri, SoniaWhile improvements in the spectral and spatial resolution of satellite imagery have opened up new prospects for large-scale environmental monitoring, this potential has remained largely unrealised in dune ecogeomorphology. This is especially true for Mediterranean coastal dunes, where the highly mixed and sparse vegetation requires high resolution satellites and spectral unmixing techniques. To achieve this aim, we employed random forest regressors to predict the fractional cover of dune plant species in two of the sandy barriers of Ria Formosa (S. Portugal) from WorldView-2 imagery (June 2024). The algorithm, tested with spatially upscaled multispectral drone data and satellite imagery, detected the fractional cover of major species (most abundant classes and bushy vegetation) with reasonable to very good accuracy (coefficient of determination, CoD: 0.4 to 0.8) for the former and reasonable to good accuracy (CoD: 0.4 to 0.6) for the latter. Additional tests showed that (a) including the distance to the shoreline can increase model accuracy (CoD by ~0.1); (b) the grouping of species resulted in an insignificant increase in model skill; and (c) testing over independent dune plots showed generalisation beyond the training set and low risk of overfitting or noise. Overall, the approach showed promising results for large-scale observations in highly mixed coastal dunes.