CIM2-Artigos (em revistas ou actas indexadas)
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- Incidence and risk factors of soil‐transmitted helminths among vegetable farmers of Addis Ababa, EthiopiaPublication . Gurmassa, Bethelhem kinfu; Gari, Sirak Robele; Solomon, Ephrem Tefera; Dessie, Bitwe K.; Alemu, Bezatu MengistieBackground: Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are common neglected tropical diseases in areas with poor sanitation. InEthiopia, urban farmers using contaminated river water for irrigation are exposed to parasite infection. This study examined theincidence and associated risk factors of STH infections among vegetable farmers in Addis Ababa, comparing those usingwastewater with those using clean water.Methods: A mixed-methods design was applied, incorporating a community-based cross-sectional survey and a longitudinallaboratory investigation from December 2021 to December 2023. The study involved 290 farmers (136 wastewater-exposed and 129unexposed) across 10 sites along the Big and Little Akaki Rivers. Data were collected via questionnaires, observation, health diaries,and stool samples, with diagnosis performed using the Kato–Katz method. STATA 14 was used for data analysis, including logisticregression to identify signifcant risk factors (p < 0.05).Results: STH incidence was signifcantly higher among wastewater-irrigating farmers (19.8%) compared to nonusers (8.5%), withincidence rates of 7.1 and 3.04 per 1000 person-months, respectively. The relative risk was 2.32, indicating wastewater irrigationincreases STH infection. Risk factors among wastewater-exposed farmers, poor fngernail hygiene (AOR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.65–42.7),and not wearing boots (AOR = 3.4; 95% CI: 1.66–11.5) increased STH infection risk. Defecating on farms raised infection odds inboth exposed (AOR = 2.89; 95% CI: 1.55–3.05) and unexposed (AOR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.55–2.10) groups. Hand contamination(AOR = 6.9; 95% CI: 2.92–55.7), washing vegetables with wastewater (AOR = 11.6; 95% CI: 3.64–23.9), and not wearing protectiveclothing (exposed: AOR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.11–87.9; unexposed: AOR = 1.89; 95% CI: 1.31–22.8) also signifcantly contributed to STHinfection.Conclusion: Wastewater irrigation signifcantly elevates the risk of STH infections, promoting afordable safe wastewater ir-rigation practices (sand or gravel flters, drip irrigation) along with hygiene, sanitation, and health education for farmers, to protectfarming communities.
- The geochronological landscape of Mozambique: absolute dates from archaeological and palaeoenvironmental contextsPublication . Bicho, Nuno; Gomes, Ana; Skosey-LaLonde, Elena; Raja, MussaThis paper presents a systematic review of absolute dating data from Mozambique, drawing on a compiled database of 442 dates from 69 sites. The dataset spans archaeological and palaeoenvironmental contexts and encompasses dates ranging from the present day to close to a half a million years ago, covering the whole of the Holocene and part of the Middle and Upper Pleistocene. The most widely used dating method is radiocarbon (AMS and original), followed by luminescence techniques (OSL variants and pIRIR), electron spin resonance (ESR), uranium-series and cosmogenic nuclide dating. More than 250 dates belong to archaeological contexts distributed across four cultural phases — the Ceramic Phase, the Later Stone Age, the Middle Stone Age and the Early Stone Age — while the remaining entries come from palaeoenvironmental contexts. Regionally, the southern provinces of Inhambane, Gaza and Maputo are the most densely sampled, followed by the central region (Zambezia, Tete, Sofala and Manica) and lastly the northern region (Cabo Delgado, Niassa and Nampula). These distributions are discussed in the light of research history and the chronological resolution offered by each method. Significant gaps are identified in the geochronological coverage of Mozambique that call for targeted future investigation.
- Diagnosis of residual flow drivers in estuaries with the densimetric tidal Froude numberPublication . Khosravi, Maziar; Fortunato, A. B.; Lopez-Ruiz, A.; Valle-Levinson, A.; Garel, ErwanResidual circulation in estuaries drives salt intrusion, material transport, and ecosystem functioning. Yet the ability to diagnose its dominant forcing mechanism remains a challenge. While previous studies suggest that the densimetric tidal Froude number () may distinguish tidal from baroclinic forcing, its reliability across varying estuarine conditions and spatial scales requires systematic evaluation. This study carries out such evaluation with a suite of process-oriented numerical simulations in an idealized estuary–shelf system that features Gaussian cross-channel bathymetry. Here, is treated as a diagnostic indicator reflecting the dynamics established by either barotropic or baroclinic forcing. The model configuration spans a parameter space that includes variations in tidal amplitude, channel depth, lateral slope, and river discharge. Residual circulation regimes are diagnosed using the ratio between the barotropic and baroclinic terms of the tidally averaged, axial momentum equation obtained from model outputs. Diagnoses are made together with the transverse structure of residual flows, allowing direct comparison with predictions. This study demonstrates that can reliably diagnose the dominant driver of residual circulation when the density length scale is defined over the shortest feasible axial distances. Crucially, the results show that the skill of is highly sensitive to this spatial scale: its performance deteriorates when the density gradient is computed over lengths that extend into regions with heterogeneous forcing. Across all simulations, functions as a robust bulk indicator of tide-dominated, density-dominated, or regimes influenced by both forcings only when the density scale is restricted to zones where the axial density gradient is approximately constant. Such zones consistently occupy the seaward side of the peak salinity gradient. Within this region, emerges as a relevant diagnostic tool and offers process-oriented guidance for results that require identifying the prevailing residual-flow driver. The experiments suggest configuration-dependent ranges associated with regimes dominated by tides, density gradients, or both
- The ecosystem services of irrigated orchards: a reviewPublication . Matias, Pedro; Trindade, Ana Rita; Magalhães, Tomás Thormann Abranches de; Lisboa de Souza Junior, Silvio; Zarcos Duarte, Beatriz; Guerreiro David Coelho, Luísa Isabel; Freitas, Miguel João Pisoeiro de; Barrote, Isabel; Duarte, AmilcarIn the context of global population growth and intensifying climate change, ensuring food security remains a critical challenge. Orchards are more productive than arable crops, contributing significantly to the nutrition of a growing population. Ecologically, due to the absence of frequent soil tillage, orchards resemble natural forest ecosystems more closely than other agricultural systems. Irrigated orchards are particularly productive and enhance biodiversity in territories where water scarcity is the limiting factor for ecosystems. This review, the result of extensive reflection and a comprehensive analysis of the literature on orchard sustainability, synthesizes evidence on the diverse ecosystem services provided by these perennial systems. Due to their structural complexity, well-managed orchards contribute significantly to climate regulation through carbon sequestration, microclimate cooling, and soil erosion prevention. Furthermore, they support nutrient cycling and provide cultural value. This paper establishes an integrated scientific framework to inform evidence-based policies and reshape societal perceptions. It argues that recognizing orchards as multifunctional landscapes, rather than mere resource consumers, is critical for environmental resilience, supporting their fair valuation as essential components of a sustainable bioeconomy.
- Impacts of climate change on the hydrology of a highly disturbed tropical river basinPublication . Alvarenga, Claudiana Mesquita de; Alvarenga, Lívia Alves; Melo, Pâmela Aparecida; Tomasella, Javier; Pinto, Pâmela Rafanele França; Mello, Carlos Rogério de; Isidoro, JorgeClimate change significantly affects hydrological responses, yet studies addressing future water availability in the Paraopeba River Basin (PRB), an important tributary of the São Francisco River Basin in Brazil, remain limited, particularly under CMIP6 scenarios and using distributed hydrological modeling approaches. In this context, this study evaluated the hydrological responses of the PRB, under climate change using the MHD-INPE. Future projections were based on an ensemble of seven climate models from the NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 collection, considering a baseline period (1992–2014), three future periods 17(2040–2060, 2061–2080 and 2081–2100) and two socioeconomic scenarios (SSP245 and SSP585). The model satisfactorily reproduced observed streamflow during the baseline period. Under the SSP585 scenario, the projections indicate stronger alterations in water availability, with a potential intensification of flood and drought events, as reflected by reductions in minimum streamflows (Q90) and increases in maximum streamflows (Q10), particularly in sub-basins 4 and 5, where Q90 reductions approach 30% and Q10 increases reach 11.7%. Additionally, a decrease in Q7,10 values was observed, which enabled the analysis of the Conflict Index (Icg), indicating that water withdrawals currently granted may exceed the limits established by existing legislation in future scenarios (Igc > 1).
- Pitaya as a new alternative crop for Iberian Peninsula: cultural practicesPublication . Trindade, Ana Rita; Matias, Pedro; Lacerda, Vander; Pestana, Maribela; Tomás Marques, Natália; Duarte, AmilcarPitaya (Selenicereus spp.) cultivation has expanded in the Iberian Peninsula in recent years, driven mainly by increasing demand from the European market and by the crop’s good adaptability to Mediterranean conditions. However, the successful consolidation of this crop requires the adoption of cultural practices adapted to regional edaphoclimatic conditions and production systems. The present review aims to synthesise and critically analyse the scientific literature on pitaya cultural practices, integrating information from major producing regions worldwide and from Mediterranean environments, where data remain limited. Key topics include propagation methods for success in early development, training systems and pruning, soil management within the framework of sustainable orchard management practices and the crop’s versatility in integrating diverse agroecosystems. In addition, bibliometric analysis identified water requirements and irrigation strategies as key aspects for which region-specific guidelines are still required. This study emphasises the utilisation of floral induction techniques and the significance of supplementary manual pollination for ensuring higher productivity and superior fruit quality. Overall, this review provides a consolidated reference to support the development of sustainable and regionally adapted pitaya production systems in the Iberian Peninsula.
- Evaluation of the chemical properties of tomato products enriched with plant-based ingredientsPublication . Ngameni Tchonkouang, Rose Daphnee; Martey, Dorcas Martekie; Gago, Custódia; Guerreiro, Adriana; Raposo, Sara; Rodrigues, Brígida; Vieira, Margarida; Antunes, Maria DulceReformulating tomato-based products with beneficial plant-based ingredients is a promising approach for enhancing dietary quality. In this study, the chemical properties of reformulated tomato products—a juice and a sauce enriched with pea protein, olive powder, and tomato peel powder—were evaluated alongside the tomatoes used as raw material (cultivar ‘H1657’) to determine the changes occurring during their conversion into reformulated products. The chemical properties were assessed by analyzing lycopene, antioxidant capacity (by total phenolic content, DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP), sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose), and organic acids (citric, malic, ascorbic, and oxalic acids). The results showed that the fruit had the highest contents of glucose and fructose. Citric, malic, and oxalic acids were lower in the reformulated products than in the fruit sample, while ascorbic acid did not differ significantly. The sauce and fresh fruit exhibited the highest lycopene, ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP, whereas the juice had the lowest. Polyphenol content was highest in the sauce followed by the fruit and then the juice. The results suggest that incorporating plant-based ingredients into the sauce formulation can help compensate for nutrient losses that occur during tomato processing, making it a promising tomato-based product.
- The Rio Grande Rise: current knowledge and future frontiers for deep-sea science, mineral resources and governancePublication . Jovane, Luigi; Ulsen, Carina; Galante, Douglas; Bernardini, Simone; Bergo, Natascha Menezes; Braga, Elisabete de Santis; Brandini, Frederico P.; Carrion, Ronaldo; Castro, David Lopes de; Constantino, Renata R.; Bin Hassan, Muhammad; Janasi, Valdecir de Assis; Jeck, Izabel King; Junior, Marco Antonio Couto; Lima, Fabiola A.; de Oliveira Júnior, Luciano; Marques, Simone; Massola, Gustavo M.; Mestre, Nelia C. C.; Mohriak, Webster; Monlevade, Eduardo F.; Oliveira, Carina Costa de; Pellizari, Vivian Helena; Portes, Marcelo Cecconi; Praxedes, Adriane G. P.; Rodrigues, Fabio; Rodrigues, Lucas C. V.; González Sanz, Francisco Javier; Silveira, Ilson C. A. da; Soto, Jules M. R.; Souza-Neto, Pedro Walfir; Sumida, Paulo Y. G.; Tagliaro, Gabriel T.; Silva, Solange Teles da; Turra, Alexander; Santos, Roberto Ventura; Yamamoto, Marcio; Mello, Sidney L. M.The Rio Grande Rise (RGR) is the largest oceanic plateau in the South Atlantic and represents a key natural laboratory for understanding oceanic plateau formation, deep-sea circulation, ecosystem functioning, and ferromanganese crust development. This study presents a critical synthesis of current scientific knowledge on the RGR, integrating geological, geophysical, oceanographic, biological, and geochemical evidence published over the last two decades. Geophysical data reveal a complex tectono-magmatic evolution involving Late Cretaceous plume-related volcanism, crustal thickening, rifting, and subsequent subsidence. The structural framework of the plateau is dominated by the Cruzeiro do Sul Rift, which plays a central role in controlling sedimentation, magmatism, and seawater circulation. Oceanographic studies demonstrate that the interaction between the southern branch of the South Equatorial Current and the complex topography of the RGR generates intense internal tides and bottom currents, strongly influencing sediment transport and benthic habitats. Biological investigations indicate that the RGR hosts diverse deep-sea communities, including sponge grounds, cold-water corals, and associated fauna, whose distribution is tightly linked to geomorphology and hydrodynamics. Ferromanganese crusts occurring on the plateau preserve valuable geochemical records of oceanographic and redox conditions, although their spatial distribution, thickness, and metal budgets remain incompletely constrained. Despite major advances, significant knowledge gaps persist regarding crustal structure, sedimentary evolution, ecosystem functioning, and mineral formation processes. This review highlights these uncertainties and outlines research priorities necessary to improve understanding of oceanic plateaus and deep-sea systems in the South Atlantic.
- Impacts of ocean acidification on reproduction and early life development in marine teleost fish—a synthesisPublication . Bridge, Rebecca J.; McClelland, Benjamin T.; Birchenough, Silvana; Stiasny, Martina H.Ocean acidification (OA) remains a major and underexplored threat to marine fishes, particularly regarding reproductive physiology and early life stages (ELS). Although research over the past 15years has documented diverse OA effects, substantial knowledge gaps persist. Most studies focussed on a limited set of species from North America and Europe, leaving broad uncertainty across phylogenetic groups, geographic regions and multi-stressor conditions. In adult fish, especially females, elevated pCO2 can shift energy allocation to prioritise reproductive output at the expense of egg or clutch size. While adult and juvenile fish have well-developed acid–base balancing systems, embryos and larvae possess only rudimentary mechanisms, making them more vulnerable to OA. This article stresses the importance of understanding these physiological and mechanistic responses to predict the future of fish stocks and ecosystem health as OA intensifies due to ongoing CO2 emissions. Our results highlight that OA responses in fish are highly variable and often specific to life stage and species, with acute and sometimes stage-specific effects not fully documented. Lastly, our recommendations on targeted research and funding are necessary to address the remaining knowledge gaps, including broadening taxonomic and geographic sampling, exploring multi-stressor scenarios and improving understanding of the downstream effects of OA on fish reproduction and development. Maintaining robust fish populations is vital for food security, employment and ecosystem functioning, making continued investigation into OA's impacts a scientific and societal priority.
- Comparative analysis of organoleptic preference and external attractiveness of ‘Encore’ and ‘Nadorcott’ mandarin cultivarsPublication . Zarcos Duarte, Beatriz; Matias, Pedro; Trindade, Ana Rita; Duarte, AmilcarThe ‘Encore’ mandarin tree, cultivated in Portugal for long time, valued for its favour and later ripening period, faces challenges due to a rind-stain disorder afecting its external appearance. Despite its favourable attributes, the emergence of new cultivars such as ‘Nadorcott’, free from external appearance problems and with overlapping ripening periods, resulted in the marginalization of ‘Encore’ in the market. Major retailers, by prioritizing consumer preference for appearance, have contributed to the decline in ‘Encore’ cultivation. Despite this, the ‘Encore’ mandarin is still preferred by long-standing consumers who remember its greater availability in previous decades and value its characteristic taste. Currently, its distribution is mainly restricted to local markets and small-scale fruit retailers. To gauge consumer preference, we conducted a tasting and questionnaire survey with 131 randomly chosen participants, comparing ‘Encore’ and ‘Nadorcott’. The fndings revealed a clear consumer preference for the external appearance of ‘Nadorcott’, leading to a preference for purchasing it based on this criterion alone. Conversely, when evaluating internal fruit quality, consumers distinctly favoured ‘Encore’ for its aroma, sweetness, acidity and overall taste. They expressed a preference for purchasing it based solely on internal quality. However, when participants learnt that less visually appealing fruits were equivalent to the more desirable ones internally, their purchase intentions became indiferent towards both cultivars, with no signifcant diference observed. This highlights the complex interplay between perceptions of external appearance and internal organoleptic quality among consumers, challenging the assumption that appearance alone dictates purchasing decisions.