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- Characterization and territorial distribution of religious heritage in the parish of Cernache do Bonjardim, Central PortugalPublication . Marçal Gonçalves, Marta; Pérez-Cano, María Teresa; Rosendahl, StefanSince Portugal is a mainly Catholic country, there are several testimonies of the practice of this religion and the faith of the people. In the parish of Cernache do Bonjardim, Central Portugal, birthplace of Sao Nuno de Santa Maria (canonized on April 26, 2009), there are several types of buildings related to religion, such as churches, chapels, field crosses and built sets. The number of churches and chapels is impressive: 18 religious buildings exist in a territory with about 7000 Ha and 3000 inhabitants (Census 2011). These buildings dated from different periods, have different characteristics and, within the same category, interesting differences can also be found. The main objectives of this article are to characterize and analyse the current situation of this heritage and its dissemination, enhancement and subsequent protection. The methods used were based on bibliographic, iconographic, photographic, cartographic, webgraphic research, in situ surveys and interaction with local residents. The approach comprises the survey of the religious heritage mentioned above, subsequent cataloguing and analysis regarding the orientation chosen for its construction, its age and its geographic distribution. With this analysis it is possible to group the elements into categories that facilitate their characterization. One of the main limitations of the investigation was the lack of documents and registrations about the described elements, which is partly due to the fire of 1917, in the City Hall, which destroyed all existing documents, and partly due to the disappearance of some of those elements and the subsequent reuse and relocation of the materials that made them up, making it difficult to recognize them, as well as the geographical and temporal location of their construction. The main conclusions are that most of the churches and chapels, against all expectations, do not respect the traditional canonical orientation and, that the majority of them was built in the 20th century and (probably) in the 17th century. Although distributed uniformly throughout the territory of the parish, the religious heritage is mostly found in the village of Cernache do Bonjardim and in the area of Serra da Santa, the highest point in this territory (475 m). This work does not intend to influence even more the attitudes of the population because they already value, appreciate and care for this heritage. However, the point of view presented in this article is different from the usual one and may open a new way of looking at this heritage. The originality of this work is that this type of heritage has not yet been approached in the territory under study. The article contributes to another study about this parish. As future developments, an analysis of the relationship between the dominant terrain orientations and the location of these patrimonial elements is suggested in order to be able to estimate more relationships that may exist.
- Territory and drystone walls. Comparative of case studies in central and southern PortugalPublication . Marçal Gonçalves, Marta; Prates, Gonçalo; Pérez-Cano, María Teresa; Rosendahl, Stefan; I. Lombillo; H. Blanco; Y. BoffillSince becoming settled, Man had the need to shape the territory in his benefit, gaining ground for agricultural activity. Drystone walls were the way found to overcome sharp slopes. The way these walls are arranged in the territory is not random, as it may seem at first glance: they are disposed in the best way to facilitate the agricultural activity, taking into account the natural factors of the territory where they are located, such as orography, climate or geology. Taking as study cases two regions in Portugal under slightly different climate regimes, one located in the Algarvian Barrocal and the other located in the Center, we intend to compare and advance with explanations as to the way drystone walls are disposed and their relation to the territory. To achieve the objectives bibliographical and photographic studies, as well as interviews with the inhabitants of these areas, and cartographic and field surveys were carried out. Whereas the purpose, materials and construction characteristics were achieved by the previous, their disposition and relationship with the orography were carried out by the latest. Particularly, field surveys were made by digital stereophotogrammetry applied to several overlapping nadiral photographic images from different perspectives acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle along its flying pathways that allowed for very high-resolution geographic data. Where such surveys were not made, cartographic data were used instead. Through the dissemination of such vernacular heritage, it becomes valued and known. In this way, people will attribute cultural and patrimonial value, protecting it, especially the local population that tends not to attribute any value to this “minor” heritage, contributing to its disappearance. There are still not much works about this subject in the areas analyzed here, so this paper has an added value, in order to disseminate and create added value to these kind of heritage.
- Los conjuntos de vivienda social como legado de la modernidad. Aproximación a través de los casos portugueses de Setúbal y FaroPublication . Navas-Carrillo, Daniel; Marçal Gonçalves, Marta; Pérez-Cano, María Teresa; J. Monclús; C. D. MedinaLa comunicación aborda los valores patrimoniales específicos a partir de los cuales los conjuntos de vivienda social pueden ser reconocidos como un bien a proteger. Estos conjuntos definieron el crecimiento urbano del siglo XX habida cuenta del déficit generalizado de vivienda que caracterizaba las ciudades europeas por el trasvase de población desde el ámbito rural. Es el momento de mayor crecimiento y, por tanto, el de mayor producción urbanística de la historia reciente. Sin embargo, son bienes que en la mayoría de los casos carecen de un reconocimiento patrimonial generalizado y no cuentan con niveles de protección comparables a otros tipos residenciales. La investigación toma las ciudades medias portuguesas de Setúbal y Faro como objeto de estudio. Ciudades que fueron receptoras de estos procesos migratorios gracias a su posición estratégica dentro de la estructura territorial de su región y que, sin embargo, están pendiente de análisis. Así, el trabajo realiza una aproximación secuencial que aborda, desde lo general, la construcción del contexto que condicionó la construcción de estos complejos urbanos en Portugal, hasta lo particular, el análisis de las características que definen los complejos de vivienda social para estos casos de estudio. Bases para articular el juicio de valor necesario en cualquier proceso de patrimonialización.