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- Phenolic profile, cytotoxicity and in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties of the edible halophyte Sarcocornia fruticosa from southeastern TunisiaPublication . Harboub, Nesrine; Mighri, Hedi; Bennour, Naima; Guerreiro Pereira, Catarina Alexandra; Fernandes, Eliana; Castañeda-Loaiza, Viana; Custódio, Luísa; Abdellaoui, Raoudha; Akrout, AhmedThis work aims to boost the sustainable valorization of the edible halophyte Sarcocornia fruticosa (L.) A.J. Scott ( Amaranthaceae ) from Southern Tunisia by assessing its potential as a source of bioactive components. To achieve this, hydroethanolic extracts of S. fruticosa, , collected from two distinct Tunisian biomes (Zarzis: SFZ and Djerba: SFDJ), were profiled for total phenolic, flavonoid, and condensed tannin contents, as well as for individual phenolic composition by HPLC-ESI-MS. Then, the extracts were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant properties via complementary methods and for in vitro inhibition of enzymes related to Alzheimer's disease (acetylcholinesterase: AChE, and butyrylcholinesterase: BuChE), type 2 diabetes (alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase), and hyper- pigmentation and food oxidation (tyrosinase). Finally, they were assessed for acute in vitro toxicity. Our findings identified thirteen phenolic compounds, with rutin being the predominant compound and its content being nearly twice as high in SFZ than in SFDJ (1224.51 and 643.61 mg/kg DW, respectively). Salvianolic acid B was also reported for the first time in Sarcocornia genus. The extracts exhibited notable ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), with SFZ displaying an effective median concentration (EC50) 50 ) value of 0.97 mg/mL. They also showed promising inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (>40%) and tyrosinase (>50%), without any cytotoxicity. The Zarzis ecotype in particular displayed superior bioactive properties, making it an excellent candidate for future cultivation trials under saline conditions, with potentially valuable economic outcomes for the region. These findings highlight the potential of S. fruticosa as a source of functional ingredients with nutraceutical and therapeutic applications.
- Nutritional profile, chemical composition and health promoting properties of Salicornia emerici Duval-Jouve and Sarcocornia alpini (Lag.) Rivas Mart. from southern TunisiaPublication . Harboub, Nesrine; Mighri, Hedi; Bennour, Naima; Dbara, Mohamed; Guerreiro Pereira, Catarina Alexandra; Chouikhi, Naima; Custódio, Luísa; Abdellaoui, Raoudha; Akrout, AhmedThe aerial biomass of the edible halophyte species Salicornia emerici Duval-Jouve and Sarcocornia alpini (Lag.) Rivas Mart. (Amaranthaceae), collected from southeastern Tunisia, was analyzed for its potential as a source of functional bioactive ingredients. For this purpose, the dried biomass was analyzed for its proximate and mineral composition, while its hydroethanolic extracts were evaluated for phenolic content by spectrophotometric and chromatographic techniques (HPLCESI-MS). The extracts were also assessed for in vitro antioxidant properties, including radical scavenging activity (RSA) against DPPH and ABTS•+ radicals, as well as ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Furthermore, they were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity and enzymatic inhibition toward key enzymes related to human diseases, namely acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) (Alzheimer’s disease: AD), α-amylase and α-glucosidase (type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: T2DM), and tyrosinase (skin hyperpigmentation disorders). The findings revealed that both halophytes contained significant levels of minerals, particularly sodium, potassium, and iron. The extracts were rich in bioactive phytochemicals, with naringin identified as the major compound in S. alpini, while quinic acid was predominant in S. emerici. Extracts from both species were non-toxic and demonstrated significant antioxidant properties. Neither species exhibited inhibitory activity toward cholinesterases; however, both showed strong α-glucosidase inhibition (>50%), with S. alpini also displaying superior tyrosinase inhibition activity (51%). These findings suggest that S. alpini and S. emerici hold promise as safe and sustainable sources of nutrients and natural compounds with antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-tyrosinase properties. This potential could translate into significant economic benefits for the southeastern region of Tunisia.