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  • Beck-Chevalley condition and Goursat categories
    Publication . Gran, Marino; Rodelo, Diana
    We characterise regular Goursat categories through a specific stability property of regular epimorphisms with respect to pullbacks. Under the assumption of the existence of some pushouts this property can be also expressed as a restricted Beck Chevalley condition, with respect to the fibration of points, for a special class of commutative squares. In the case of varieties of universal algebras these results give, in particular, a structural explanation of the existence of the ternary operations characterising 3-permutable varieties of universal algebras.
  • Variations of the Shifting Lemma and Goursat categories
    Publication . Gran, Marino; Rodelo, Diana; Nguefeu, Idriss Tchoffo
    We prove that Mal'tsev and Goursat categories may be characterized through variations of the Shifting Lemma, that is classically expressed in terms of three congruences R, S and T, and characterizes congruence modular varieties. We first show that a regular category C is a Mal'tsev category if and only if the Shifting Lemma holds for reflexive relations on the same object in C. Moreover, we prove that a regular category C is a Goursat category if and only if the Shifting Lemma holds for a reflexive relation S and reflexive and positive relations R and T in C. In particular this provides a new characterization of 2-permutable and 3-permutable varieties and quasi-varieties of universal algebras.
  • Facets of congruence distributivity in Goursat categories
    Publication . Gran, Marino; Rodelo, Diana; Nguefeu, Idriss Tchoffo
    We give new characterisations of regular Mal'tsev categories with distributive lattice of equivalence relations through variations of the so-called Triangular Lemma and Trapezoid Lemma in universal algebra. We then give new characterisations of equivalence distributive Goursat categories (which extend 3-permutable varieties) through variations of the Triangular and Trapezoid Lemmas involving reflexive and positive relations. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.