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- Dimensões socio-cognitivas na adesão das mulheres à contracepçãoPublication . Costa, Emília; Leal, Isabel PereiraAs autoras propõem um modelo compreensivo da adesão à contracepção considerando cinco dimensões sócio-cognitivas: a percepção de auto-eficácia, o locus de controlo para a saúde, a satisfação com o suporte social, o nível de informação de carácter contraceptivo e a atitude face à sexualidade, cuja pertinência explanam e discutem.
- Quando chega o fim da vida. Como nos podemos preparar para a morte dos nossos entes queridos e para a nossa própria mortePublication . Costa, Emília; Esperanza Begoña García NavarroMais, poderíamos parafrasear Freud e dizer mesmo o óbvio: que a morte é natural, inegável e inevitável. Algo de que não nos restam quaisquer dúvidas. À partida… No entanto, constatamos hoje, que a morte é quase um conceito abstrato que temos dificuldade em elaborar, porque a sentimos cada vez mais distante – vivemos vidas mais longas, a morte é cada vez mais vivida em silêncio e o mais “invisível” possível.
- Confirmatory analysis of the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) short form in a portuguese samplePublication . Martins, Cátia; Ayala Nunes, Lara; Nunes, Cristina; Pechorro, Pedro; Costa, Emília; Matos, FilomenaAn important research field in family studies relates to the role parenting practices can have on several domains of children's development. Regarding to parenting styles, it was Baumrind's conceptualization that was responsible for a relevant research boost in this area. She proposed a model contemplating three different styles: authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive. The aim of our study was to examine the factor structure, internal consistency and others psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ). The participants were 424 parents (mainly mothers, 81.2%) from Algarve (South of Portugal), that answered to PSDQ and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The instrument comprises 32 items: 12 questions regarding the authoritative style, 15 questions regarding the authoritarian style, and 5 questions regarding the permissive style. Several competing models (i.e., one and three-factorial, and another where latent variables were organized in a 1st and 2nd order factors) were tested in regards to PSDQ factor structure using confirmatory factor analysis. A fourth model, contemplating inter-correlations between item 7 and 8 was also proposed, which showed adequate fit and internal consistency. These findings support the PSDQ original structure. Implications concerning the use and contributes to social and emotional child' adjustment are discussed.
- Qualidade de vida do idoso institucionalizado: realidade vivida na rede de cuidados continuados integrados do Algarve.Publication . Catarina de Paiva Ribeiro, Helena; Costa, Emília; Jorge Gamboa Martins Nave, Filipe; Silva Sousa, CarolinaA Qualidade de Vida do idoso institucionalizado é uma temática cada vez mais debatida na sociedade contemporânea. Se por um lado se constata um acréscimo no recurso às instituições por parte dos idosos, por outro surge a necessidade de avaliar sua Qualidade de Vida. Na presente investigação, os objetivos do estudo passam por caracterizar os idosos institucionalizados e identificar as necessidades dos mesmos quanto à condição de idoso na instituição, fundamentando-nos na sua percepção de Qualidade de Vida. Neste projeto participaram 105 idosos internados nas unidades da Rede de Cuidados Continuados Integrados do Algarve. No estudo descritivo, de caráter transversal e de metodologia quantitativa, os dados foram obtidos através da aplicação de dois questionários: sociodemográfico e de caracterização da instituição; e através da aplicação da escala de Qualidade de Vida WHOQOL-BREF. No estudo original, as variáveis foram agrupadas em três categorias: Idoso, Instituição e Idoso na Instituição. Neste artigo apresentamos apenas os resultados referentes à categoria de Idoso na Instituição. Os resultados obtidos revelam diferenças estatisticamente significativas no que se refere à condição física do idoso, presença de suporte social, qualidade das visitas, participação do suporte social nos cuidados, possibilidade de obter períodos temporários de ausência da instituição e grau de autonomia. A condição física do idoso e o grau de autonomia demonstraram ser aspectos fundamentais na boa percepção de Qualidade de Vida do idoso. De igual modo, o suporte social/familiar é um fator importante para o idoso institucionalizado e deve ser preservado, rumo à adequada reintegração social e familiar.
- Qualidade de vida e bem-estar nas crianças em AlbufeiraPublication . Nunes, Cristina; Matos, Filomena; Costa, EmíliaNeste relatório apresentamos os resultados da investigação realizada pela equipa composta pelas doutoras Cristina Nunes, Filomena Matos e Emília Costa para dar resposta ao pedido feito pela Câmara Municipal de Albufeira (CMA) à Universidade do Algarve (UAlg) na elaboração de um estudo sobre a qualidade de vida e o bem-estar das crianças em idade pré-escolar e escolar no Concelho. A utilidade deste estudo decorre do facto de que o conhecimento sobre os fatores de risco e de proteção para o bem-estar infantil contribuirá para aumentar a eficácia das intervenções pois assim estas poderão ajustar-se melhor às características e necessidades das crianças e famílias. A crise económica dos últimos anos tem tornado mais vulneráveis um considerável número de famílias e afetado o seu bem-estar. Na última avaliação sobre o bem-estar infantil, realizada pela UNICEF (2013), Portugal ocupava o 15º lugar entre os 29 países estudados. Nesta avaliação foram utilizados 26 indicadores agrupados nas seguintes dimensões: Bem-estar material, saúde e segurança, educação, comportamentos de risco, habitação e ambiente.
- Anxiety and depression in the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in a Portuguese sample: exploratory studyPublication . José, Helena; Oliveira, Cláudia; Costa, Emília; Matos, Filomena; Pacheco, Eusébio; Nave, Filipe; Valentim, Olga; Sousa, LuísIn previous studies, it was found that the confinement to which the population was subjected during the quarantine of the COVID-19 pandemic increased the risk of anxiety and depression. Objective: to analyze the levels of anxiety and depression symptoms in Portugal residents during the quarantine of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a descriptive, transversal, and exploratory study of non-probabilistic sampling. Data collection was carried out between 6th and 31st of May 2020. Sociodemographic and health questionnaires PHQ-9 and GAD-7 were used. Results: The sample consisted of 920 individuals. The prevalence for depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 5) was 68.2% and (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) was 34.8%, and for anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 ≥ 5) was 60.4% and (GAD-7 ≥ 10) was 20%. Depressive symptoms were moderately severe for 8.9% of the individuals, and 4.8% presented severe depression. Regarding the generalized anxiety disorder, we found that 11.6% of individuals present moderate symptoms, and 8.4% severe anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms were substantially higher than those previously found for the Portuguese population and when compared with other countries during the pandemic. Younger individuals, female, with chronic illness and medicated, were more vulnerable to depressive and anxious symptoms. In contrast, participants who maintained frequent levels of physical activity during confinement had their mental health protected.
- The upshot of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on nursing assistants: evaluating mental health indicators in HuelvaPublication . Javier Gago Valiente, Francisco; Moreno-Sánchez, Emilia; Vélez-Moreno, Emilia; de los Ángeles Merino Godoy, María; Sáez Padilla, Jesús; Rodríguez-Miranda, Francisco P.; Costa, Emília; Saenz-de-la-Torre, Luis-Carlos; Segura-Camacho, Adrián; Mendoza-Sierra, María-IsabelHealthcare professionals who work in front-line situations are among those under the highest risk of presenting negative mental health indicators. We sought to assess the prevalence of low personal realization, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization as well as probable non-psychotic psychiatric pathologies during the pandemic in nursing assistants in the city of Huelva (Spain), and to study the association between these mental health indicators and sociodemographic and professional variables. A cross-sectional descriptive investigation with a quantitative approach was used. A representative sample of these professionals, consisting of 29 men and 284 women, completed the GHQ-12 questionnaire, including sociodemographic data and the MBI-HSS questionnaire, collecting information on situations of contact with SARS-CoV-2. Data analysis was conducted, and correlations were established. We found that emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and probable non-psychotic, psychiatric pathologies were related to contact with SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, personal realization, depersonalization and emotional exhaustion were related to just gender. We conclude that nursing assistants from public hospitals in the city of Huelva who had contact with patients with SARS-CoV-2 in the workplace, showed poor mental health indicators than those who did not come into contact with infected individuals.
- Work and family interaction, self-perceived mental health and burnout in specialized physicians of Huelva (Spain): a study conducted during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemicPublication . Valiente; Moreno-Sánchez, Emilia; Sánchez, Alba Santiago; Gómez-Asencio, David; Godoy, María de los Ángeles Merino; Viera, Estefanía Castillo; Costa, Emília; Segura-Camacho, Adrián; Saenz-de-la-Torre, Luis-Carlos; Mendoza-Sierra, María-IsabelBackground: The medical staff who work in specialized healthcare are among the professionals with a greater risk of presenting negative indicators of mental health. These professionals are exposed to numerous sources of stress that can have a negative influence on their personal life. Currently, SARS-CoV-2 poses an additional and relevant source of stress. The aim of this study was to identify the interactions between the work and family environments, as well as to analyze self-perceived mental health and burnout in physicians who, during the COVID-19 pandemic, carried out their jobs in public health in Huelva (Spain), also considering a series of sociodemographic variables. Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Information from 128 participants was collected using the SWING, MBI-HSS and GHQ-12 questionnaires, along with sociodemographic data and possible situations of contact with SARS-CoV-2. The data were analyzed, and correlations were established. Results: Most of the sample obtained a positive interaction result of work over family. Those who had been in contact with SARS-CoV-2 represented higher percentages of a positive result in GHQ-12, negative work–family interaction, burnout, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. In general, the men showed a worse mental health state than women. Conclusions: The medical staff of Huelva who had been in contact with situations of SARS-CoV-2 in their work environment presented worse indicators of mental health and greater negative interaction of work over family than those who had not been in contact with these situations.
- Limits and perspectives for the assessment of anxiety and fear of COVID-19 in pregnant women [Response To Letter]Publication . Muñoz-Vela, Francisco Javier; Fernández-Carrasco, Francisco Javier; Gómez-Salgado, Juan; Allande-Cussó, Regina; Marques Monteiro Dias Mendes, Isabel Margarida; Costa, Emília; Vázquez-Lara, Juana María; Fagundo-Rivera, Javier; Rodríguez-Díaz, LucianoThe authors would like to express sincere gratitude for the thoughtful and constructive feedback provided in this letter regarding the manuscript titled “Assessment of Levels of Anxiety and Fear of Covid-19 in a Population of Pregnant Women in Spain”. First of all, the assessments of the strengths and contributions of our research are welcomed; following this, the comments and suggestions have been thankfully received by the authors. The importance of highlighting these limita tions and opportunities for improvement is appreciated as, perhaps, these were not firmly underlined in the article. This study is the result of a series of academic research1,2 whose main aim was to improve the quality of life of pregnant women. Given this, all comments are greeted and will surely influence further investigations. Consequently, it is true that online survey administration eliminates the need for direct supervision, thus fostering honesty and freedom of response among the subjects in our sample. In the same vein, collecting data only in certain locations in Spain could affect the generalisability of the data. It is recognised the importance of obtaining a more comprehensive understanding of the variables studied in diverse geographical regions in Spain. The absence of the cultural variable as a mediator in our study is indeed a reasonable limitation, and it may have a potential impact on the interpretation of cultural constraints related to vaccine apprehension in certain nations. So, it is agreed that future research should incorporate the analysis of variables related to the cultural and religious context and should also incorporate mixed research methods that allow in-depth interviews3 with the sample in order to strengthen4 data collection on a topic as intricate as pregnant women’s mental health. In conclusion, this study undeniably provides valuable information that is relevant for clinical practice, intervention development, and evaluation of emotional symptoms in pregnant women. The identified limitations will serve as guides for future research in this same field of study. By adhering to recommended research and sampling strategies, upcoming studies can be built, allowing for improved robustness and applicability of the findings
- Caring behaviours demonstrated to nursing students in the interpersonal relation with the faculty: A cross sectional studyPublication . Romero-Martín, Macarena; Safont-Montes, Juan Carlos; Robles-Romero, José Miguel; Jiménez-Picón, Nerea; Costa, Emília; Gómez-Salgado, JuanBackground: Nursing students need to experience caring in their educational environment in order to learn how to care for the patients. Objective: The present study describes the caring model demonstrated by the faculty to the nursing students through their behaviours, from the perspective of both students and faculty members. Design: A cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study was conducted. Participants: The sample included 286 students and faculty members. Methods: The Nursing Students’ Perceptions of Instructor Caring assessing tool was used to gather the data. Results: After analysing 676 questionnaires, it was revealed a moderately high level of caring perceived by the students. The most appreciated dimension was control versus flexibility, reporting a mean value of 82.29 and a confidence interval from 81.14 to 83.44, and the least valued was appreciation of life’s meanings, reporting a mean value of 63.90 and a confidence interval from 62.20 to 65.60. The students’ perception of the care demonstrated by the faculty was significantly lower than the care that the latter believed to transmit in all dimensions (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The caring perceived by the student was expressed through behaviours that inspired confidence in them, promoted a climate of learning and support, helped them to recognise the meaning of life, showed them flexibility and fostered their professional autonomy. The findings of this study can help to improve nursing education by providing a view of the interpersonal relations that the students established during their training with the faculty.