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- Organizational practices for the expatriates' adjustment: a systematic reviewPublication . Sousa, Cátia; Gonçalves, Gabriela Maria Ramos; dos Santos, Vieira; Leitão, JoséPurpose - The globalization of work has contributed to a great increment in cross-cultural interactions, contributing to a new impetus in the expatriates' topic. The costs associated with the failed international missions are high, and the identification of effective adjustment strategies is of extreme importance, both for organizations and for individuals. The purpose of this paper is to identify the kind of practices that are developed by organizations and their impact on the adjustment of expatriates. Design/methodology/approach - To achieve the proposed objective, a systematic review of literature (from the late 1980s to the present day) will be carried out. Findings - Based on five articles on the topic, the results show that there are few studies that assess the impact of the types of adjustment to organizational practices, with the cross-cultural training and language training being the most common. These practices have shown a positive effect on performance and adjustment of expatriates. Originality/value - The authors feel the lack of studies that have adequate indicators to measure the integration and effectiveness of the adjustment of expatriates.
- Translate into spanish of the conditions for work effectiveness questionnaire (CWEQ II)Publication . Mendoza Sierra, Maria Isabel; Orgambidez-Ramos, Alejandro; Borrego Ales, Yolanda; Gonçalves, Gabriela Maria Ramos; Santos, JoanaThe objective of this study is to adapt and translate into Spanish the Conditions for Work Effectiveness Questionnaire -CWEQ II-(Laschinger, Finegan, Shamian & Wilk, 2001). A process of translation and reverse-translation was applied to the scale's items, whose psychometric properties were then examined using a sample of 346 employees from a Spanish public university. Reliability, factor structure (confirmatory factor analysis) of the scale and relationships between structural, general and psychological empowerment are investigated. Results showed a multidimensional scale of four first-order factors (access to opportunities, information, support and resources) as the original one, and positive relations between structural, general and psychological empowerment in the workplace. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed and suggestions to further research are made.
- Portuguese mothers and fathers share similar levels of work-family guilt according to a newly validated measurePublication . Gonçalves, Gabriela Maria Ramos; Sousa, Cátia; Santos, Joana Conduto Vieira dos; Silva, Tânia; Korabik, KarenTransformations in family and work life have led to profound changes in the articulation of both spheres. The massive entry of women into the labor market, the decline of a family model based on the male provider, increasing job demands, and persistent gender inequality are factors that can generate work-family conflict and lead to feelings of guilt. Work-family guilt is a topic still rarely studied, particularly in Portugal. Given the importance of understanding the complexity of the relationships underlying the work-family interface and the lack of instruments in Portuguese to assess the feeling of guilt as it pertains to the work-family interface, our goal was to adapt the Work-Family Guilt Scale (WFGS) to the Portuguese population. Our results confirmed the two-dimensional structure of the scale with good reliability and validity. The WFGS was invariant between genders, with no significant mean differences between men and women. Convergent validity with the variables of work-to-family and family-to-work conflict and discriminant validity between the two dimensions of the WFGS was demonstrated. Use of this scale will allow the identification of feelings of guilt, which pose risks to the physical, emotional and psychological well-being of workers. Guilt feelings should, like conflict, be considered as a psychosocial risk that must be mitigated through policies and practices aimed at promoting a balance between family and working life.
- Organizational culture, internal marketing, and perceived organizational support in portuguese higher education institutionsPublication . Santos, Joana; Gonçalves, Gabriela Maria RamosChanges imposed on public higher education institutions try to adopt some management practices in public organizations. In this study, we intend to understand how organizational culture (support, innovation, goals, rules) and internal marketing can contribute to the organizational support of employees of higher education institutions. The study was developed with a sample of 635 employees. The results show that organizational culture and internal marketing contribute to the explanation of perceived organizational support (POS). Then, through a structural equation model, it was possible to confirm the contribution of support culture and internal marketing to the explanation of POS. More studies are necessary taking students' point of view into account. These results reveal the importance of the fact that organizations need to implement a culture of support and appropriate internal communication networks that allow employees to perceive social support.
- Metric evidences of the adaptation of the cultural intelligence scale in a portuguese samplePublication . Sousa, Cátia; Gonçalves, Gabriela Maria Ramos; Reis, Marta; Santos, JoanaValidating the Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS) for the Portuguese population was the main objective of this study. Cultural Intelligence is recognized as a crucial competence in multicultural situations. The multidimensional cultural intelligence scale is composed of 20 items arranged into four dimensions and is used to evaluate the individual characteristics that predispose to better performance in unfamiliar cultural environments. The results from the analysis of main components in a total sample of 275 participants, aged between 18 and 72 (M = 29.3; SD = 12.9), replicated the original ones, therefore showing good validity values and internal consistency (Cronbach alpha .93), revealing the multidimension of the evaluated construct. Once the exploratory analysis replicated the model tested by the confirmatory analysis, the application of this instrument in multicultural organizational contexts can be considered an essential tool, not only to identify crucial capacities for the functioning of the human resources, teams or organizations in environments characterized by cultural diversity, but also to ensure the success in the integration processes of immigrants and expatriates.