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- Social disadvantages and intergenerational solidarity views from older adults: a qualitative studyPublication . Fragoso, António; Valadas, Sandra T.; Paulos, LilianaIn this article we aim at understanding the influence of social disadvantages on intergenerational solidarity. For this study, we have considered biographical research through narratives. These narratives help explain and reflect on the beliefs of the participants, implicit theories, and their life experiences. A snowball sampling technique was considered, and the data were collected by means of 58 narrative interviews with men aged between 60 and 93 years of age, living in urban and rural areas of southern Portugal. The interviews were conducted face-to-face in the participants' houses or community centers. Content analysis was performed and our results indicated that a low educational background was determinant in the trajectories of these men. Unqualified or low qualified occupations and, in consequence, low financial capital, had both a direct and indirect effect on various domains of life. As a result, a significant part of the men live in poverty, and many others experience a very difficult situation. The results also revealed that social disadvantages had an impact on structural, functional, and associational solidarities. The levels of intergenerational exchanges are reduced and unsatisfying. Our study suggests that social class is a key factor in explaining the inequalities of older adults and also influences intergenerational solidarity at a family level.
- Transition from University to the labour market: the impact of personal variables in graduates’ perceptions of self-efficacyPublication . Paulos, Liliana; Valadas, Sandra T.; Almeida, Leandro S.The transition from university to the labour market is a crucial period for graduates. It is typically characterized by a high degree of uncertainty. Self-efficacy may be a determinant in the process, but the research so far has only considered students or graduates shortly after graduation, strongly compromising its conclusions on the findings. This study aims at exploring the variables which explain the different levels of self-efficacy of graduates in transition to the labour market. A total of 694 graduates who completed their degrees at two Portuguese Higher Education Institutions in the last five years were subjected to a questionnaire. Regression and multivariate analyses based on decision trees (Recursive Partitioning for Classification) showed that (1) older graduates have higher self-efficacy in adapting to work; (2) male graduates have higher self-efficacy in emotional regulation when looking for a job; and (3) graduates with higher grades demonstrated more self-efficacy in job-seeking behaviours. The results also revealed that the graduates’ scientific area, the parents’ level of education and undergoing internships during higher education are also related to self-efficacy. Overall, the study contributed to a better understanding of the construction process of self-efficacy beliefs and its importance in the job-seeking process and in the adaptation to work.
- Práticas de seleção de graduados: currículo ideal e competências valorizadasPublication . Paulos, Liliana; Valadas, Sandra T.; da Silva Almeida, LeandroO presente estudo centra-se nas práticas de seleção de diplomados do Ensino Superior, por parte de empregadores dos setores privados, público e terceiro setor, de duas regiões de Portugal, uma situada no norte e outra no sul. Pretendeu-se conhecer quais são as técnicas mais utilizadas pelos empregadores dos três setores e identificar fatores que influenciem o processo de seleção de graduados. Para a recolha de dados, foram realizadas 19 entrevistas semiestruturadas a empregadores dos três setores económicos. Quanto à análise dos dados, foram consideradas categorias emergentes, no sentido de descobrir padrões de significado, com recurso a um procedimento indutivo. Os resultados sugerem que as práticas de seleção mais utilizadas são a) a análise curricular, através da qual é feita uma pré-seleção dos candidatos que apresentam um curriculum vitae (CV) claro e sucinto e que reúnem os requisitos mínimos de formação académica e de experiência profissional tendo em conta a vaga para a qual estão a recrutar; e b) a entrevista de seleção, na qual tentam avaliar as competências transversais e a correspondência entre os valores do candidato e os da organização. O estudo revela que as competências transversais parecem ser hoje muito importantes para os empregadores e que a ideia de empregabilidade está relacionada com a responsabilidade individual dos graduados; destaca também o aumento das expectativas dos empregadores face à responsabilidade das Instituições de Ensino Superior na promoção da empregabilidade dos seus estudantes.