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- Genetic diversity increases with depth in red gorgonian populations of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic OceanPublication . Pilczynska, Joanna; Cocito, Silvia; Boavida, Joana; Serrao, Ester; Assis, J.; Fragkopoulou, Eliza; Queiroga, HenriqueIn the ocean, the variability of environmental conditions found along depth gradients exposes populations to contrasting levels of perturbation, which can be reflected in the overall patterns of species genetic diversity. At shallow sites, resource availability may structure large, persistent and well-connected populations with higher levels of diversity. In contrast, the more extreme conditions, such as thermal stress during heat waves, can lead to population bottlenecks and genetic erosion, inverting the natural expectation. Here we examine how genetic diversity varies along depth for a long-lived, important ecosystem-structuring species, the red gorgonian, Paramuricea clavata.