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- Population level variation in reproductive development and output in the golden kelp Laminaria ochroleuca under marine heat wave scenariosPublication . Strasser, Fiona-Elaine; Barreto, Luis M.; Kaidi, Soukaina; Sabour, Brahim; A, Serrão; Pearson, Gareth; Martins, NeusaThermal tolerance is often interpreted as a species-wide thermal niche in the absence of studies focusing on the adaptive potential of populations to exhibit differential thermal tolerance. Thus, considering intraspecific thermal plasticity, local adaptation or both between populations along distributional gradients when interpreting and predicting species responses to warming is imperative. Removing the effect of environmental histories by raising kelp gametophyte generations in vitro under common garden conditions allows unbiased comparison between population-specific adaptive variation under different environmental conditions. Following this approach, this study aims to detect (potentially) adaptive differentiation in microscopic life-stages (gametophytes) between populations of a temperate forest forming kelp, Laminaria ochroleuca from locations with distinct thermal conditions. Gametophytes from four geographically distinct populations were subjected to different temperature treatments (17, marine heat waves of 23, 25 and 27 degrees C) and gametophyte survival during thermal stress as well as reproductive success and photosynthetic responses during recovery were investigated. Intraspecific variation in resilience and reproductive output to thermal stress was found in L. ochroleuca; gametophytes from the most northern population (Brittany, France) were the most thermally sensitive, with mortality onset at 23 degrees C, whereas mortality in the remaining populations was only apparent at 27 degrees C. Gametophytes from northern Spain and Morocco exhibited very low reproductive success during recovery from 23 and 25 degrees C. However, when recovering from the highest thermal treatment (27 degrees C) the reproductive development and sporophyte output was higher than in the gametophytes from France and Italy (Mediterranean). The population-specific responses of gametophyte resilience and reproductive success to temperature stress suggest genetic differentiation in response to variation in local thermal regimes.
- SAMMBA is a high-throughput pipeline for isolating and phenotyping macroalgal strainsPublication . Alves-Lima, Cicero; de Matos Barreto, Luís António; Monico, Carina; Gouvêa, Lidiane; Félix de Azeredo Pinto e Melo, Francisca; Varga, Brigitta; Filipe, Joana; Camacho, Rita; Lymperaki, Myrsini; Alberto, Filipe; Rörig, Leonardo R.; Engelen, Aschwin; Serrao, Ester A.; Pearson, Gareth Anthony; Martins, NeusaDespite successful preservation efforts, macroalgal diversity remains under-represented in global biobanks. A major limitation is the extreme morphological diversity of seaweed thalli, which hinders standardized isolation and phenotyping and often requires taxon-specific protocols. Here we present SAMMBA (Seaweed Automatable Microplate Microscopy for Breeding Approaches), an end-to-end pipeline for the high-throughput isolation, phenotyping and storage of macroalgal propagules in 384-well plates. By optimizing live-cell manipulation for chlorophyll autofluorescence (CAF) imaging and segmentation, multiple unialgal propagules can be isolated by dilution-based workflows. In a single plate, we obtained 68 singlet gametophyte fragments of Laminaria ochroleuca (17.7%) and 60 meiospores of Phyllariopsis purpurascens (31.25%). We demonstrated taxonomic and morphological versatility by isolating 60 unialgal cultures from three distinct Rhodophyta morphotypes (filamentous, crustose and foliose) and 10 strains of Ulva sp., also in a single plate. Furthermore, CAF-based area increase over 30 days enabled high-precision estimates of specific growth rates, yielding 0.130 ± 0.006 and 0.117 ± 0.01 day− 1 for male and female L. ochroleuca gametophytes, respectively (n = 768; p = 1.27e− 53). This precision substantially increases experimental reproducibility and statistical power compared to conventional methods, supporting high-throughput recovery of unialgal strains without motorized platforms, while remaining fully compatible with automation. SAMMBA expands operational capacity for strain discovery and phenotyping, providing a scalable foundation for phenomics, domestication workflows, and standardized macroalgal biobanking. We outline how the platform can benefit multiple areas of phycological research and facilitate the development of improved strains that can support aquaculture and restoration efforts.