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- Marine forests forever—A necessary multilateral program for a fair futurePublication . Horta, Paulo; Sissini, Marina N.; Fonseca, Alessandra; Turra, Alexander; Rodrigues, Ana Claudia; Rorig, Leonardo; Bonomi‐Barufi, José; Pagliosa, Paulo; Bastos, Eduardo; Grimaldi, Guido; Dias, Carlos Eduardo Peixoto; Fialho, Fabio; Oliveira, Carlos Yure B.; Frade, Pedro R.; Schubert, Nadine; Silva, João; Assis, Jorge; Rossi, Sergio; Mansilla, Andres; Soares, Marcelo; Gouvêa, Lidiane; Alves-Lima, Cicero; Coelho, Márcio A. G.; Serrao, Ester A.; Anderson, Antonio Batista; Joyeux, Jean‐Christophe; Berchez, Flávio; Otero‐Ferrer, Francisco; Filho, Jorge Luiz Rodrigues; Mies, Miguel; Araujo, Moacyr; Hall‐Spencer, Jason M.Not only advances but also old addictions, setbacks, obstructions and delays are observed during COP16 (on biodiversity), COP29 (on climate change) and G20 in a year full of tragedies resulting from climate change; we need to look in the rearview mirror and plan new paths to be presented and discussed at COP30, in 2025, in the Brazilian Amazon. Worldwide temperature records show that 2023 and 2024 were the warmest in at least the last 2000 years (Esper, Torbenson, and Büntgen 2024). About 90% of the excess heat trapped by greenhouse gases and 30% of human emissions of carbon dioxide are stored in the ocean, shielding the planet from even more rapid changes in the biosphere. The recent acceleration in climate change is a threat not only to terrestrial systems but also to largely neglected marine ecosystems and their socio-biodiversity. Considering the relationship between global warming and biological extinctions (Malanoski et al. 2024), as well as the high vulnerability of marine biodiversity to these global threats (Pinsky et al. 2019), we call for the urgent need to create global and multilateral policies that are based on climate-smart ocean planning and carbon neutrality, focused on climate adaptation and mitigation strategies to protect, restore and foster sustainable management of marine socio-ecological systems (Frazão Santos et al. 2024).
- The reference genome for the northeastern Pacific bull kelp, Nereocystis luetkeanaPublication . Alves-Lima, Cicero; Montecinos, Gabriel; Escalona, Merly; Calhoun, Sara; Marimuthu, Mohan; Nguyen, Oanh; Beraut, Eric; Lipzen, Anna; Grigoriev, Igor V; Raimondi, Peter; Nuzhdin, Sergey; Alberto, FilipeBull kelp, Nereocystis luetkeana, is a northeastern Pacific kelp with broad distribution from Alaska to central California. Its population declines have caused severe concerns in northern California, the Salish Sea in Washington, and recently in some populations in Oregon. Despite bull kelp's accumulated ecological and physiological studies, an assembled and annotated genomic reference was still unavailable. Here, we report the complete and annotated genome of Nereocystis luetkeana, produced by the California Conservation Genomics Project (CCGP), which aims to reveal genomic diversity patterns across California by sequencing the complete genomes of approximately 150 carefully selected species. The genome was assembled into 1,562 scaffolds with 449.82 Mb, 80x of coverage and 22,952 gene models. BUSCO assembly showed a completeness score of 72% for the stramenopiles gene set. The mitochondria and chloroplast genome sequences have 37 Mb and 131 Mb, respectively. The orthology analysis between 10 Phaeophycean genomes showed 1,065 expanded and 286 unique orthogroups for this species. Pairwise comparisons showed 542 orthogroups present only in N. luetkeana and M. pyrifera, another large-body kelp. The enrichment analysis of these orthogroups showed important functions related to central metabolism and signaling due to ATPases enrichment in these two species. This genome assembly will provide an essential resource for the ecology, evolution, conservation, and breeding of bull kelp.
- SAMMBA is a high-throughput pipeline for isolating and phenotyping macroalgal strainsPublication . Alves-Lima, Cicero; de Matos Barreto, Luís António; Monico, Carina; Gouvêa, Lidiane; Félix de Azeredo Pinto e Melo, Francisca; Varga, Brigitta; Filipe, Joana; Camacho, Rita; Lymperaki, Myrsini; Alberto, Filipe; Rörig, Leonardo R.; Engelen, Aschwin; Serrao, Ester A.; Pearson, Gareth Anthony; Martins, NeusaDespite successful preservation efforts, macroalgal diversity remains under-represented in global biobanks. A major limitation is the extreme morphological diversity of seaweed thalli, which hinders standardized isolation and phenotyping and often requires taxon-specific protocols. Here we present SAMMBA (Seaweed Automatable Microplate Microscopy for Breeding Approaches), an end-to-end pipeline for the high-throughput isolation, phenotyping and storage of macroalgal propagules in 384-well plates. By optimizing live-cell manipulation for chlorophyll autofluorescence (CAF) imaging and segmentation, multiple unialgal propagules can be isolated by dilution-based workflows. In a single plate, we obtained 68 singlet gametophyte fragments of Laminaria ochroleuca (17.7%) and 60 meiospores of Phyllariopsis purpurascens (31.25%). We demonstrated taxonomic and morphological versatility by isolating 60 unialgal cultures from three distinct Rhodophyta morphotypes (filamentous, crustose and foliose) and 10 strains of Ulva sp., also in a single plate. Furthermore, CAF-based area increase over 30 days enabled high-precision estimates of specific growth rates, yielding 0.130 ± 0.006 and 0.117 ± 0.01 day− 1 for male and female L. ochroleuca gametophytes, respectively (n = 768; p = 1.27e− 53). This precision substantially increases experimental reproducibility and statistical power compared to conventional methods, supporting high-throughput recovery of unialgal strains without motorized platforms, while remaining fully compatible with automation. SAMMBA expands operational capacity for strain discovery and phenotyping, providing a scalable foundation for phenomics, domestication workflows, and standardized macroalgal biobanking. We outline how the platform can benefit multiple areas of phycological research and facilitate the development of improved strains that can support aquaculture and restoration efforts.