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Reconstruction of phylogeographic relationships and evolution of the tundra vole, Alexandromys oeconomus (Rodentia, Cricetidae), based on ancient DNA
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Resumo(s)
The Late Pleistocene and Holocene climatic fluctuations profoundly influenced the demographic patterns of many species. Small mammals, particularly rodents, are well-suited for such studies due to their abundance and high environmental sensitivity. A suitable subject is the tundra vole, Alexandromys oeconomus, with changing past and present distributions across the Holarctic. Using ancient DNA, we reconstructed its phylogeography and identified 12 main lineages, including extinct lineages, which highlight greater historical variability of this species. Our analyses revealed eastward and westward expansions, extinctions, and lineage replacements driven by climate changes. Originating in Central/Western Asia, the tundra vole expanded around 110 ka (thousand years ago) into Europe, diversifying into multiple lineages. Two migrations from Central Asia to north-eastern Asia occurred at roughly 70 and 16 ka, and preceded the colonization of North America by 11.5 ka. Europe also experienced intense population turnovers, with remigrations into Western Asia. Fennoscandia was colonized three times after 15 ka by two distinct routes. These migrations were tied to climate changes, with population size increasing during warming periods and declining during cooling periods, especially during the Last Glacial Maximum. This research provides new findings on how climate and environmental shifts shaped the evolution and distribution of A. oeconomus, highlighting the resilience and adaptability of small mammals.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ancient DNA Migration Phylogeny Phylogeography Pleistocene Rodents
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Oxford University Press