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Gorongosa National Park in central Mozambique offers an unparalleled
setting for the study of primate adaptations to complex and highly
dynamic environments. Located at the southern end of the East African
Rift System, Gorongosa hosts a mosaic of forests, woodlands, grasslands, swamps, rivers, and a major lake, Lake Urema, which fluctuates
extensively with the seasonal cycles (Figures 1 and 2).1 Renowned biologist E. O. Wilson has described Gorongosa as “ecologically the most
diverse park in the world.”
2 The park is home to five species of nonhuman primates, among them 219 troops of baboons,3 whose phenotypic diversity suggests an extended history of admixture between
chacmas (Papio ursinus) and yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus)
(Figure 3).4 With its dynamic mix of environments in the African Rift Valley, and highly adaptable primates, Gorongosa brings to mind the vegetation mosaics in which Pliocene and Pleistocene hominins evolved
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Wiley