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Physical training protocols for improving dyspnea and fatigue in long COVID: a systematic review with meta-analysis

2025-08-04Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorMazzonetto, Lisa Fernanda
dc.contributor.authorCordeiro, Jéssica Fernanda Correa
dc.contributor.authorCorreia, Igor Massari
dc.contributor.authorOliveira, Alcivandro de Sousa
dc.contributor.authorMoraes, Chimenny
dc.contributor.authorBrilhadori, Joana
dc.contributor.authorGomide, Eurípedes Barsanulfo Gonçalves
dc.contributor.authorKudlacek, Michal
dc.contributor.authorLopes Machado, Dalmo Roberto
dc.contributor.authorAnjos, Jeferson Roberto Collevatti dos
dc.contributor.authorSantos, André Pereira dos
dc.date.accessioned2025-09-19T08:56:53Z
dc.date.available2025-09-19T08:56:53Z
dc.date.issued2025-08-04
dc.description.abstractObjective: This study aimed to evaluate physical training protocols for alleviating long COVID symptoms, especially dyspnea and fatigue, through a systematic review with meta-analysis. Method: Data were collected from EMBASE, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, and grey literature (Google Scholar, medRxiv). Studies evaluating dyspnea and/or fatigue before and after physical rehabilitation, using validated questionnaires, were included. Studies lacking pre- and post-assessments or physical training were excluded. Two reviewers independently extracted data on intervention type, duration, frequency, intensity, and assessment methods for dyspnea and fatigue. Bias risk was evaluated using the Cochrane tool. Results: Combined methods, such as respiratory muscle training with strength and aerobic exercise, were common for long COVID symptoms. Aerobic exercise notably improved dyspnea and/or fatigue. Among 25 studies, four had a low risk of bias. Meta-analysis of two studies found no significant reduction in fatigue. Conclusion: Combined training methods, particularly aerobic exercise, alleviate dyspnea and fatigue in long COVID. More high-quality studies are needed to confirm these findings.eng
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/healthcare13151897
dc.identifier.issn2227-9032
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/27706
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relation.ispartofHealthcare
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectPost-COVID-19
dc.subjectExercise
dc.subjectPersistent symptoms
dc.subjectShortness of breath
dc.titlePhysical training protocols for improving dyspnea and fatigue in long COVID: a systematic review with meta-analysiseng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue15
oaire.citation.startPage1897
oaire.citation.titleHealthcare
oaire.citation.volume13
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameLopes Machado
person.givenNameDalmo Roberto
person.identifierB-4173-2013
person.identifier.ciencia-id1017-F66D-E509
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-7327-0800
person.identifier.scopus-author-id36246365600
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationfe1effc6-59b7-42d0-9317-bdc1c7b84562
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryfe1effc6-59b7-42d0-9317-bdc1c7b84562

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