Immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: emerging sequencing for new treatment targets

Aguiar, Pedro Nazareth; De Mello, Ramon Andrade; Noia Barreto, Carmelia Maria; Perry, Luke Alastair; Penny-Dimri, Jahan; Tadokoro, Hakaru; Lopes, Gilberto de Lima

http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/11148

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Authors

Aguiar, Pedro Nazareth

De Mello, Ramon Andrade

Noia Barreto, Carmelia Maria

Perry, Luke Alastair

Penny-Dimri, Jahan

Tadokoro, Hakaru

Lopes, Gilberto de Lima

Abstract(s)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) stimulate cytotoxic lymphocyte activity against tumour cells. These agents are available for the treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after failure of platinumbased therapy. One recent study has demonstrated that ICI monotherapy was superior to platinum-based chemotherapy for first-line treatment. Nevertheless, this benefit was only for a minority of the population (30%) whose tumour programmed death receptor ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression was above 50%. Therefore, several strategies are under investigation. One option for patients with PD-L1 expression lower than 50% may be the combination of ICI with platinum-based chemotherapy or with ICIs against different targets. However, all of these combinations are at an early stage of investigation and may be very expensive or toxic, producing several harmful adverse events.

Keywords

Updated survival analysis Randomized phase-Iii Pd-L1 expression Open-label Maintenance bevacizumab Predictive biomarker Comparing cisplatin Antitumor-activity Next-generation Stage Iiib