Publication
Assessing the impact of gram-negative bacteria on the common octopus, in relation to rising sea temperature: a study of total protein concentration and hemolysis activity in hemolymph
| dc.contributor.author | White, Daniella-Mari | |
| dc.contributor.author | Karaveti, Emmanouela | |
| dc.contributor.author | Bakopoulos, Vasileios | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-12-12T13:39:18Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2025-12-12T13:39:18Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2026-02 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Fish farming may pose a risk to adjacent octopus farms due to pathogen transmission. Moreover, the immune defense mechanisms of cephalopods are still not fully understood. This study aimed to determine changes in total protein concentration and hemolysis activity of Octopus vulgaris hemolymph, after intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) challenges with aquaculture fish pathogens (either Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida or damselae or Vibrio alginolyticus or anguillarum O1) at two temperatures (21 ± 0.5 ℃ and 24 ± 0.5 ℃). Results showed that Octopus vulgaris exhibited a mean total protein concentration of 173.93 ± 69.37 mg/mL across all experimental conditions, markedly exceeding values reported for other mollusks, such as the bivalves Chamelea gallina (0.75–1.66 mg/mL) and Mytilus galloprovincialis (0.59–1.60 mg/mL). Patterns of total protein concentration, related to the genera of the pathogen used for the challenges, were observed. Four-way ANOVA revealed significant main effects of bacterium (F(3, 144) = 54.360, p < 0.001) and temperature (F(1, 144) = 10.014, p = 0.002) on total protein, along with multiple significant interaction effects, including bacterium × temperature, route × time, and bacterium × route × temperature × time (all p < 0.001). Hemolysis remained at low levels across both experimental temperatures, challenge routes, and pathogens, not exceeding 25 % in any case. Values above 15 % and up to 20 % were recorded in specific conditions, such as Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae at 24 ± 0.5 ◦C on Day 3 in CIM-, IM-, and IV- control and challenged groups respectivelly; V. alginolyticus at 24 ± 0.5 ◦C on Day 3 in IM-challenged groups; and Vibrio anguillarum O1 at 21 ± 0.5 ◦C on Day 3 and Day 7 in IM-challenged groups. ANOVA for hemolytic activity showed significant main effects of bacterium (F(3, 144) = 22.032, p < 0.001) and temperature (F(1, 144) = 4.083, p = 0.045), with multiple significant interactions, including bacterium × temperature, route × time, and bacterium × route × temperature × time (all p < 0.001). These results indicate that the route of challenge may play a major role in hemolysis activity, with temperature and time post-challenge also exerting significant effects, possibly through a complex synergistic interaction. Our results may assist in elucidating common octopus defense mechanisms against common fish pathogens and provide important information to the scientific community and the marine aquaculture sector. | eng |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.1016/j.jip.2025.108480 | |
| dc.identifier.issn | 0022-2011 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/27950 | |
| dc.language.iso | eng | |
| dc.peerreviewed | yes | |
| dc.publisher | Elsevier | |
| dc.relation.ispartof | Journal of Invertebrate Pathology | |
| dc.rights.uri | N/A | |
| dc.subject | Octopus vulgaris | |
| dc.subject | Climate change | |
| dc.subject | Photobacterium | |
| dc.subject | Vibrio | |
| dc.subject | Aquaculture infectious diseases | |
| dc.subject | Cephalopods immune response | |
| dc.title | Assessing the impact of gram-negative bacteria on the common octopus, in relation to rising sea temperature: a study of total protein concentration and hemolysis activity in hemolymph | eng |
| dc.type | journal article | |
| dspace.entity.type | Publication | |
| oaire.citation.startPage | 108480 | |
| oaire.citation.title | Journal of Invertebrate Pathology | |
| oaire.citation.volume | 214 | |
| oaire.version | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |