FCT2-Artigos (em revistas ou actas indexadas)
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- A note on varieties of ordered algebrasPublication . Clementino, Maria Manuel; Rodelo, DianaThe aim of this work is to study the notions of lax protomodular and Ord-Mal’tsev category at the level of (coherent) varieties of (pre)ordered algebras and to further compare them, as has been done in the non-ordered context. We characterise varieties of ordered algebras which are (co)lax protomodular and those which are Ord-Mal’tsev, in terms of operations of arities given by ordered sets and inequalities involving them. We exhibit examples of (co)lax protomodular non-degenerate Ordcategories, which were unknown. We prove that, for varieties of ordered algebras which are Ord-Mal’tsev categories, the order of their algebras is degenerate (i.e. is symmetric). As a consequence, the implication ``protomodular ⇒ Mal’tsev'' cannot be carried out to our context. The case of non-coherent ordered varieties which are Ord-Mal’tsev categories is also addressed, where we show the existence of algebras with non-degenerate order.
- Dietary supplementation with algae-based ingredients modulates antioxidant defenses and immune response in sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus following a Vibrio parahaemolyticus challengePublication . Rodrigues, Ana Filipa; Lourenço, S.; Gomes, Ana Sofia; Vaz, M.; Cardoso, H.; Violante, A. P.; Baptista, T.Functional diets are increasingly recognized as an important strategy to enhance health and production performance in sea urchin aquaculture. This study evaluates the effects of diets containing algae-based ingredients with different carotenoid pigment profiles on the immune and antioxidant systems of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. During a 60-day nutritional trial, sea urchins were fed one of three diets that differed in both ingredient matrix and pigment profile: 1) a base diet formulated without algae and low in carotenoid pigments; 2) a formulated pumpkin/algal diet supplemented with Nannochloropsis sp. and high in β-carotene (nanno diet); and 3) a kelp diet based on Saccorhiza polyschides containing a mixture of carotenoid pigments and representing the natural diet of P. lividus. The effects of diets on oxidative stress response were assessed by quantifying catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and lipid peroxidation (LPO). The effect of diets on the short-term immune response was assessed using a time-course challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus at the end of the feeding trial. Sea urchins fed the kelp diet showed the strongest antioxidant defenses, while sea urchins fed the base diet presented higher LPO. After the pathogen challenge, total coelomocyte density was not significantly affected by diet. However, significant diet-dependent changes were observed in specific coelomocyte populations, including colorless granulocytes, red granulocytes and vibratile cells. Sea urchins fed the kelp diet exhibited a more pronounced immune activation, characterized by higher concentrations of lysozyme. In conclusion, supplementing diets with algae rich in carotenoids and other bioactive compounds may enhance sea urchin immune defenses against pathogens and improve resistance to oxidant stress. These findings support the development of functional diets for sea urchin aquaculture aimed at promoting health and resilience under culture conditions.
- Cationic lignin derivatives in hair conditioners: Formulation development and rheological modelingPublication . Fernandes, Catarina; Crespo, Catarina; Cabaça, Daniela; Pocinho, Ana; Alves, Luís; Medronho, Bruno; Rasteiro, Maria da Graça; Varela, CarlaReplacing petrochemical-based cationic conditioning polymers with renewable alternatives is a key challenge in the redesign of more sustainable hair care products. In this work, cationic lignin-derivatives, prepared via a single-step cationization process using 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC) were explored as alternatives to petrochemical-based cationic conditioning agents in hair conditioning products. Formulations were prepared using either these derivatives or a widely used synthetic cationic polymer (polyquaternium-11, PQ11) and characterized in terms of their physicochemical and rheological properties, and stability. Replacing PQ11 with cationic lignin derivatives did not affect the stability or the physicochemical properties of the formulations. The effect of the formulation components on the viscosity was systematically studied using a design of experiments, resulting in a predictive model describing the relationship between composition and viscosity. In addition, the lignin-based conditioners exhibited higher UV absorption than a commercial conditioner reference, with a 15-fold relative UV absorption. A preliminary proof-of-concept application on hair demonstrated improved definition and reduced frizz, supporting the potential of cationic lignin derivatives as alternative biobased conditioning agents.
- Comprehensive chemical and biological assessment of Orobanche racemosa extracts using chromatographic, in vitro, in silico, and cell‐based techniquesPublication . Nilofar, Nilofar; Saka, Enver; Cetiz, Mehmet Veysi; Rodrigues, Maria João; Fernandes, Eliana; Custódio, Luísa; Yildiztugay, Evren; Yapıcı, Ismail; Gulcin, Ilhami; Elhawary, Esraa A.; Eldahshan, Omayma A.; Singab, Abdel Nasser B.; Cespedes‐Acuna, Carlos L.; Zengin, GokhanThe growing interest in natural product research as a safer and sustainable alternative to synthetic drugs has triggered this study,which evaluates the chemical profile and biological activity of Orobanche racemosa extracts. In the current study, extraction wasperformed from O. racemosa using the maceration method with several extraction solvents. The extracts were examined for theirantioxidant and enzyme-inhibitory activities and their effects on cell viability. In high-performance liquid chromatography–MS/MS analysis, a total of 31 compounds was detected across all studied extracts. The EtOH and EtOH/water extracts consistentlyexhibited the highest antioxidant capacities in almost all tested assays. Similarly, EtOH and EtOH/water extracts showed vigorousanti-AChE activity, measuring 2.88 and 2.35 mg/GALAE, respectively. In the cell viability assay, both EA and EtOH extracts ofO. racemosa demonstrated potent cytotoxicity, significantly reducing viability in normal (HEK293) and cancer cell lines (HepG2,SH-SY5Y), indicating high toxicity without selectivity. Molecular docking screened 384 theoretical compound–target combina-tions and retained 251 unique complexes with docking scores of −7.0 kcal/mol or lower after duplicated entries were removed. Subsequent single-trajectory molecular dynamics analysis of seven representative high-scoring complexes generated hypotheses regarding structural persistence under the simulated conditions; however, these computational predictions require experimental validation
- Radium - from discovery to the present day – narrative reviewPublication . Charkiewicz, Angelika Edyta; Djuricic, Ivana; Todorovic, Vanja; Nikliński, Jacek; Conceição, Jaime; Djordjevic, BrizitaFollowing its discovery, radium was initially promoted as a therapeutic agent for a wide range of conditions, including skin disorders, allergies, visual problems, joint pain, and as a general health-enhancing remedy. However, subsequent research demonstrated its significant radiological toxicity and harmful effects on human health. Despite these risks, more than a century after its discovery, certain radium isotopes continue to have limited medical applications, particularly in the treatment of specific cancers. Following ingestion, radium is absorbed into the body and behaves similarly to calcium, resulting in its deposition in bone tissue. A proportion of absorbed radium is eliminated through feces and urine, while the remaining fraction may persist in the skeleton and contribute to long-term internal radiation exposure. The severity and onset of adverse health effects are closely related to the absorbed dose and duration of exposure. Chronic exposure to elevated radium levels has been associated with hematological abnormalities, cataracts, dental and jaw damage, bone cancer, and increased mortality. Advances in radiobiology, radiation protection, and personalized medicine continue to improve the safety and effectiveness of radiation-based treatments. Modern radiotherapy, including selected applications involving targeted radionuclide therapy, requires a detailed understanding of radiation dose distribution, biological responses, and patient-specific factors. The optimization of re-irradiation strategies remains an important clinical challenge that requires careful assessment of previous radiation exposure, tissue tolerance, and potential risks. Because radium exposure can occur through ingestion, inhalation, or dermal contact, continued monitoring, appropriate regulatory frameworks, and access to specialized analytical methods remain essential components of public health protection. International cooperation and strengthened surveillance programs are needed to ensure the safe management of radium-containing materials and minimize potential health risks.
- The geochronological landscape of Mozambique: absolute dates from archaeological and palaeoenvironmental contextsPublication . Bicho, Nuno; Gomes, Ana; Skosey-LaLonde, Elena; Raja, MussaThis paper presents a systematic review of absolute dating data from Mozambique, drawing on a compiled database of 442 dates from 69 sites. The dataset spans archaeological and palaeoenvironmental contexts and encompasses dates ranging from the present day to close to a half a million years ago, covering the whole of the Holocene and part of the Middle and Upper Pleistocene. The most widely used dating method is radiocarbon (AMS and original), followed by luminescence techniques (OSL variants and pIRIR), electron spin resonance (ESR), uranium-series and cosmogenic nuclide dating. More than 250 dates belong to archaeological contexts distributed across four cultural phases — the Ceramic Phase, the Later Stone Age, the Middle Stone Age and the Early Stone Age — while the remaining entries come from palaeoenvironmental contexts. Regionally, the southern provinces of Inhambane, Gaza and Maputo are the most densely sampled, followed by the central region (Zambezia, Tete, Sofala and Manica) and lastly the northern region (Cabo Delgado, Niassa and Nampula). These distributions are discussed in the light of research history and the chronological resolution offered by each method. Significant gaps are identified in the geochronological coverage of Mozambique that call for targeted future investigation.
- Super typhoon vs. earthquake as driving force of forest succession in a subtropical tectonically active regionPublication . DOI, Ryoichi; Panagopoulos, ThomasThis study compared the effects of super typhoons and earthquakes on forest succession at the slopes of the Rokko Mountains in Japan. According to changes in the enhanced vegetation index (EVI), the super typhoon in 1991 caused severe, widespread damage to topographically distinct forest stands across the mountains. A major earthquake in 1995 with a magnitude of Mj = 7.2 caused moderate effects on the EVI. The 1994 super typhoon and the 1995 major earthquake exhibited similar spatial damage patterns, with impacts concentrated on the northern slopes. Although the 2018 super typhoon recorded higher wind speeds, there was no reduction in forest stands across the mountains, indicating an increase in forest resilience. Nevertheless, detailed observations revealed localized, patchy impacts in 2018, specifically the death of some evergreen trees on the northern slopes. The 1991 typhoon diminished up to 14% (conf. int. 95%: ±3%) of the pre-typhoon EVI values for the most negatively affected forest stands. Hence, the typhoons were thought to be the primary driving force that accelerated the forest succession by eliminating vulnerable trees. This elimination enhanced the increasing dominance of broadleaved evergreen laurel tree species, which are known to have stronger root systems than the vulnerable conifers. In addition, it was revealed for the first time that multiple vegetation types on slopes under the same topographical conditions were commonly damaged by multiple super typhoons within a 27-year period, during which typhoon-enhanced forest succession was strongly pronounced. The findings offer beneficial prospects for proactive climate-resilient forest management and disaster mitigation strategies tailored to slope-specific vulnerabilities. This study is the first to compare the effects of super typhoons and a major earthquake on forest stands.
- The ecosystem services of irrigated orchards: a reviewPublication . Matias, Pedro; Trindade, Ana Rita; Magalhães, Tomás Thormann Abranches de; Lisboa de Souza Junior, Silvio; Zarcos Duarte, Beatriz; Guerreiro David Coelho, Luísa Isabel; Freitas, Miguel João Pisoeiro de; Barrote, Isabel; Duarte, AmilcarIn the context of global population growth and intensifying climate change, ensuring food security remains a critical challenge. Orchards are more productive than arable crops, contributing significantly to the nutrition of a growing population. Ecologically, due to the absence of frequent soil tillage, orchards resemble natural forest ecosystems more closely than other agricultural systems. Irrigated orchards are particularly productive and enhance biodiversity in territories where water scarcity is the limiting factor for ecosystems. This review, the result of extensive reflection and a comprehensive analysis of the literature on orchard sustainability, synthesizes evidence on the diverse ecosystem services provided by these perennial systems. Due to their structural complexity, well-managed orchards contribute significantly to climate regulation through carbon sequestration, microclimate cooling, and soil erosion prevention. Furthermore, they support nutrient cycling and provide cultural value. This paper establishes an integrated scientific framework to inform evidence-based policies and reshape societal perceptions. It argues that recognizing orchards as multifunctional landscapes, rather than mere resource consumers, is critical for environmental resilience, supporting their fair valuation as essential components of a sustainable bioeconomy.
- UAV-based soil erosion assessment in mediterranean agricultural orchardsPublication . Pagter, Tijs de; Canedo, João Nuno Gomes Vicente; Pijl, Anton; Guerreiro David Coelho, Luísa Isabel; Nunes, João Pedro; Prats, SergioUnmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) imagery has become an important tool for erosion monitoring, but little is known about its application in Mediterranean agricultural systems such as vineyards and olive groves. In this study, drone flights were conducted in vineyards and olive groves where mulch and biochar treatments had been applied. Digital terrain models (DTMs) and orthomosaics were constructed using a photogrammetry workflow, and model error was determined via global positioning system (GPS) transects. Erosion was assessed using Digital elevation models of Difference (DoD) and compared with fieldbased erosion plot measurements. Explanatory variables for erosion (soil roughness, slope length, steepness, vegetation cover) were derived from DTMs and orthomosaics and were evaluated in a multiple linear regression model. Although direct measurement of erosion from the DoDs was difficult, this was primarily influenced by the unexpectedly low erosion rates during the study period, and the high root mean square error (RMSE) of the DTMs. Significant differences in DTM-derived variables were found between study areas, and especially between areas with organic and integrated management, even though treatments showed similar patterns. The multiple linear regression model demonstrated strong explanatory power, accounting for a large part of the variation in measured erosion using the UAV-derived variables (R 2 = 0.81). Slope and slope length were the most important predictors of erosion together with the interaction between these two variables. The results suggest that soil erosion in the study areas was mostly determined by topographic and management factors, rather than the applied treatments. This study highlights the value of UAV imagery in advancing the understanding of erosion processes in Mediterranean agricultural systems, while also identifying the challenge of accurately measuring erosion from DoDs under conditions of low erosion rates.
- Adapting mediterranean agroforestry to global change: trade-offs and lessons from the montadoPublication . Fatahi, Nour-Elhouda; Pinto-Correia, Teresa; Ferreira da Silva da Costa Freitas, Maria de Belém; Marques, João Tiago; Belhouchette, HatemThe Montado, a traditional Mediterranean agro-silvopastoral system, has historically sustained ecological and economic functions through the integration of trees, livestock, and crops. Today, its multifunctionality is increasingly threatened by climate variability, market volatility, and evolving policy frameworks. While previous research has examined Montado dynamics at landscape or plot scales, less attention has been paid to sustainability trajectories at the farm level, where management decisions are made. This study bridges that gap by assessing the sustainability dynamics of farms through a participatory, typology based, scenario approach grounded in a regional typology. We characterized three representative farm archetypes (forestry-focused, mixed agro-silvopastoral, and livestock-focused) and evaluated their trajectories under plausible future scenarios driven by climate, market, and policy pressures. Scenario outcomes were assessed using expert-based scoring (five-point scale), revealing score differences of up to two points across sustainability dimensions between farm archetypes and scenarios. Findings reveal marked trade-offs: Tree-focused farms maintain high environmental value but remain vulnerable to market and labor constraints, while livestock-specialized farms achieve higher economic output at the expense of ecological integrity. Mixed systems demonstrate greater resilience through diversification but face significant labor intensity challenges. We conclude that current “one-size-fits-all” policies generate contradictory incentives. Therefore, adaptive governance frameworks (e.g., results-based payment schemes) are essential to realign farm economics with ecological stewardship. Beyond the Montado, the approach provides insights relevant to other Mediterranean agroforestry systems facing similar sustainability challenges.