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Taxonomy, biogeography and evolution of thirty-four taxa in Phytophthora Clade 7a including eleven new species from natural forests and updated descriptions for P. fragariae, P. rubi and the ‘P. ×alni hybrid complex’

2026-06Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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datacite.subject.sdg15:Proteger a Vida Terrestre
datacite.subject.sdg02:Erradicar a Fome
datacite.subject.sdg13:Ação Climática
dc.contributor.authorNagy, Z. Á.
dc.contributor.authorHorta Jung, M.
dc.contributor.authorMilenković, I.
dc.contributor.authorKudláček, T.
dc.contributor.authorBourret, T.
dc.contributor.authorKageyama, K.
dc.contributor.authorHieno, A.
dc.contributor.authorMasuya, H.
dc.contributor.authorUematsu, S.
dc.contributor.authorChi, N. M.
dc.contributor.authorThu, P. Q.
dc.contributor.authorChang, T-T
dc.contributor.authorFu, C-H
dc.contributor.authorCorcobado, T.
dc.contributor.authorJanoušek, J.
dc.contributor.authorMájek, T.
dc.contributor.authorMullett, M.
dc.contributor.authorTomšovský, M.
dc.contributor.authorFerreira, M.
dc.contributor.authorSingh, R.
dc.contributor.authorMaia, Cristiana
dc.contributor.authorStanivuković, Z.
dc.contributor.authorTomić, Z.
dc.contributor.authorBakonyi, J.
dc.contributor.authorWebber, J. F.
dc.contributor.authorBrasier, C. M.
dc.contributor.authorJung, T.
dc.date.accessioned2026-08-27T09:41:56Z
dc.date.available2026-08-27T09:41:56Z
dc.date.issued2026-06
dc.description.abstractOver the past three decades, surveys in natural and managed ecosystems, driven mainly by forest biosecurity issues, have greatly expanded knowledge of the global diversity and biogeography of the plant pathogen genus . In subclade 7a alone, 16 new species were described raising the number of validly described species in this subclade to 18. Recently, in further surveys conducted in natural forests of Japan, Vietnam, Europe and North America, 11 more new Clade 7a species and one other 7a taxon have now been identified. All are considered to be endemic to the surveyed sites. They are formally described here, including their morphological properties, colony and temperature-growth characteristics and their phylogenetic relationships. Informal, updated descriptions without nomenclatural act are also presented for the known species , , , × and ×. With now 34 taxa including hybrids, Clade 7a is currently the largest subclade. It is essentially a Northern Hemisphere subclade, with a disjunct distribution in North America, Europe and Asia which probably reflects an original Laurasian ancestral distribution ~90-80 Mya and subsequent post-Laurasian migrations and radiations. It is comprised of predominantly soilborne and aquatic species with non-papillate non-caducous sporangia, though some may have facultative adaptations to a degree of aerial dispersal. The largest diversity hotspots are in Southeast and East Asia, and both adaptive sympatric and non-adaptive radiations are indicated in the data. All 22 'pure' or non-hybrid species are self-fertile and exhibit relatively low nuclear heterozygosity levels. In contrast, high heterozygosity levels, relatively high numbers of tri- and partly tetra-allelic sites and maternal lines partly shared with other Clade 7a taxa are consistent with ten of the taxa (30 %) originating via interspecific hybridisation. Of these five are self-fertile, but unusually, given their likely self-fertile parents, the other five, including the ' × hybrid complex', have an A1/A2 or outcrossing breeding system. Some of the hybrids, such as the '. × hybrid complex', are known to have emerged as a result of anthropogenic disturbance events. Numerous species, including several in Clade 7a, have become highly damaging pathogens of trees and agricultural crops as a result of historical introductions via global plant trade. However, for the 11 new species described here, no symptoms were observed at the natural sample sites and their natural and potential hosts are unknown. The same applies to well over 150 species in other Clades and subclades, representing a significant plant health evidence gap. It is recommended that the biosecurity risk to forests, natural ecosystems and agriculture posed by these previously scientifically unknown taxa be actively investigated.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipEXPL/AGR-FOR/1304/2012
dc.identifier.doi10.3114/sim.2026.114.05
dc.identifier.other42609462
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/29341
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherWesterdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectLaurasia
dc.subjectallopatric speciation
dc.subjectbiodiversity
dc.subjectbreeding systems
dc.subjecthybrids
dc.subjectnovel taxa
dc.subjectpathogens
dc.subjectphylogeny
dc.subjectplant biosecurity
dc.subjectsympatric species radiation
dc.titleTaxonomy, biogeography and evolution of thirty-four taxa in Phytophthora Clade 7a including eleven new species from natural forests and updated descriptions for P. fragariae, P. rubi and the ‘P. ×alni hybrid complex’eng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage661
oaire.citation.issue1
oaire.citation.startPage554
oaire.citation.titleStudies In Mycology
oaire.citation.volume114
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameMaia
person.givenNameCristiana
person.identifier.ciencia-idBC15-6F7F-F84A
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-8654-2905
person.identifier.ridD-6946-2017
person.identifier.scopus-author-id56106673800
relation.isAuthorOfPublicatione2c8b094-8efd-417a-8e7a-2713665f70df
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoverye2c8b094-8efd-417a-8e7a-2713665f70df

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