CCM2-Artigos (em revistas ou actas indexadas)
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- A long photoperiod following a short one, and low temperature, stimulate gametogenesis in the sea cucumber Holothuria arguinensisPublication . Marquet, Nathalie; Canario, AdelinoTemperature and photoperiod are critical regulators of reproduction. However, few studies have evaluated experimentally their specific effects on gametogenesis in sea cucumbers. We tested the effect on gametogenesis of combinations of photoperiod and temperature: "accelerated" (long days following short days; a 12 degrees C deep in temperature), "constant" (constant short photoperiod; constant Spring/Summer temperature) and "natural" conditions (natural photoperiod and temperature). Experiment 1 started in mid-November (after gametogenesis began) and lasted until March. Experiment 2 started in September, after the spawning season (before gametogenesis started), with gonadal biopsy and spawning trials between March and May. In both experiments, the most advanced gonad development was found in accelerated photoperiod and temperature, with more than 50 % of the sea cucumbers reaching maturity and having the longest and thickest gonadal tubules. However, gametogenesis could not progress in sea cucumbers (i.e., shortest and thinnest gonad tubules) under constant short photoperiod combined with accelerated temperature. This indicates that a constant short photoperiod inhibits gametogenesis and that an accelerated thermal cycle cannot trigger gonad development alone. When accelerated photoperiod was combined with either accelerated or constant temperature, gametogenesis progressed, advancing faster in accelerated than constant temperature, with spawning only seen in these two treatments. This highlights that long days following short days are required for gametogenesis and that temperature has a modulatory role rather than a trigger, with a cool winter period being stimulatory. Altogether, our study provides essential information into environmental factors in sea cucumber reproduction, valuable for broodstock management and sustainable aquaculture.
- Technical note: large offsets between different datasets of seawater isotopic composition – an illustration of the need to reinforce intercalibration effortsPublication . Reverdin, Gilles; Waelbroeck, Claire; Voelker, Antje; Meyer, HannoWe illustrate offsets in surface seawater isotopic composition between recent public datasets from the Atlantic Ocean and the subtropical southeastern Indian Ocean. The observed offsets between datasets often exceed 0.10 parts per thousand in delta 18O and 0.50 parts per thousand in delta 2H. They might in part originate from different sampling of seasonal, interannual, or spatial variability. However, they likely mostly originate from different instrumentations and protocols used to measure the water samples. Estimation of the systematic offsets is required before merging the different datasets in order to investigate the spatiotemporal variability of isotopic composition in the world ocean surface waters. This highlights the need to actively share seawater isotopic composition samples dedicated to specific intercomparison of data produced in different laboratories and to promote best practices, a task to be addressed by the new Scientific Committee of Oceanic Research (SCOR) working group 171.
- Fish protein hydrolysates mitigate the adverse effects of no‐fishmeal diets in gilthead seabream juvenilesPublication . Aragão, Cláudia; Pontes Barbosa Colen, Rita Isabel; Teodósio, Rita; Orelhas Cabano, Miguel; Antelo, Luís T.; Vázquez, José Antonio; Engrola, Sofia; Mansour Torfi MozanzadehThe aquaculture industry must continue to reduce its reliance on finite marine ingredients and promote biocircularity to enhance sustainability. This study evaluated the effects of no-fishmeal (FM) diets and fish protein hydrolysates (FPHs) on the growth performance, antioxidant status, and immune responses of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Following established conditions, two FPHs were prepared from the enzymatic hydrolysis of discards from whole-body blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) and gurnard heads (Trigla spp.); the former contained a higher proportion of large peptides (LPs), while the latter had more small peptides (SPs). Four isoproteic (48%) and isolipic (16%) diets were tested: a commercial (COM)-like diet with 35% FM, 10% poultry meal, and 5% soy protein concentrate; a FUTURE (FUT) diet, without FM or soy protein concentrate, containing 25% poultry meal; and two FUT diets supplemented with FPH (FUTLP and FUTSP). Gilthead seabream (initial weight +/- 8.0 g) was distributed into 500 L tanks at an initial density of 1.4 kg m-3 and fed the experimental diets to apparent satiety for 8 weeks. Sampling was performed at the end of the growth trial, followed by a digestibility trial. Nutrient and energy digestibilities were significantly lower in the FUT than in the COM diet, with protein and energy digestibilities being 7% and 16% lower, respectively, in the FUT treatment, leading to higher nitrogen losses. Growth performance and feed utilization were negatively impacted in the FUT treatment, with weight gain of only 310 +/- 33% compared to 482 +/- 22% in the COM treatment. Additionally, immune responses in plasma and antioxidant status in the liver were slightly impaired in the FUT treatment. Supplementation of FPH to the FUT diet mitigated or even reversed these negative effects. The results confirmed that including small- and medium-sized peptides in no-FM diets is more beneficial than using larger ones.
- Response of a benthic sargassum population to increased temperatures: decline in non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll a fluorescence (NPQ) precedes that of maximum quantum yield of PSIIPublication . Chaloub, Ricardo M.; Costa, Rodrigo Mariath V. da; Silva, João; Nassar, Cristina A. G.; Reinert, Fernanda; Széchy, Maria Teresa M.Sargassum is an important primary producer of rocky bottom communities in coastal ecosystems. Like other parts of the planet, benthic populations of S. natans from Ilha Grande Bay (IGB), southeastern Brazil, have been suffering from different forms of natural and anthropogenic disturbances, in particular increasing seawater temperatures. The aim of this study was to understand the effects of temperature on the photosynthetic performance of S. natans using the pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry. In the field experiments, the occurrence of photoprotection resulted in a difference between the effective and maximum quantum yields [(Delta F (F'm - Fs)/F'm and Fv/Fm, respectively) that was maximized at noon. The stress induced by incubation at 32-35 degrees C caused a decrease in Fv/Fm by 33% on the first day and approximately 20% on subsequent days. In the laboratory, using two co-occurred species of S. natans and Padina gymnospora, we verified that the photosynthetic apparatus of S. natans collapses at 34 degrees C. The fate of the energy absorbed by photosystem II (PSII) antenna showed that, in S. natans, photochemical activity and non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ) drastically decrease, and only the passive dissipation in the form of heat and fluorescence remains. Our results indicate the disappearance of the NPQ photoprotection at 34 degrees C before the decline of Fv/Fm as the reason for the collapse of photochemistry of Sargassum.
- Spatial and temporal size distribution of swordfish in the Atlantic Ocean: implications for conservation and managementPublication . Rosa, Daniela; Schirripa, Michael; Gillespie, Kyle; Macías, David; Forselledo, Rodrigo; Mourato, Bruno; Kai, Mikihiko; Arocha, Freddy; Su, Nan-Jay; Kerwath, Sven; Bahou, Laurent; Pappalardo, Luigi; Diaz, Guillermo A.; Lino, Pedro G.; Salmeron, Francisca; Urbina, Josetxu Ortiz de; Cardoso, Luis Gustavo; Sant’Ana, Rodrigo; Travassos, Paulo; Santos, Miguel N.; Erzini, Karim; Domingo, Andrés; Báez, Jose Carlos; Hanke, Alex; Brown, Craig; Coelho, RuiSwordfish (Xiphias gladius) is a common target species of surface pelagic longline fisheries. In the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea, swordfish is managed as three separate stocks, all having management measures in place to rebuild or conserve the stocks, including minimum landing sizes. The objective of this study was to review size data for swordfish in the Atlantic Ocean, model the sex-specific size distribution and determine areas where there is higher likelihood of capturing undersized fish. The size distribution differed between males and females and varied by quarter, indicating movements of large fish between temperate and tropical waters. Undersized fish seems to occur in association with coastal waters, with higher proportions in the Northwest Atlantic and tropical areas. This study provides a better understanding of the temporal and spatial size and sex distribution of swordfish and presents insights into the distribution of undersized swordfish that is subject to management measures.
- Hotspot of exotic benthic marine invertebrates discovered in the tropical east atlantic: barcoding insights from the bijagós archipelago, Guinea‐BissauPublication . Moura, Carlos; Wirtz, Peter; Nhanquê, Filipe T.; Barbosa, Castro; Serrao, Ester A.This study aimed to explore and document putative exotic marine benthic invertebrate species in the Bijag & oacute;s Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau, to enhance understanding of marine biodiversity and address the extent of marine species introductions. The research was conducted in the Bijag & oacute;s Archipelago, a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve located in Guinea-Bissau. The study involved the region's first scuba-diving survey of marine biodiversity. DNA barcoding was employed to assist in the identification of benthic invertebrate species. Molecular phylogenetic analyses were conducted with the available DNA barcodes to ensure accurate taxonomic assignments, detect cryptic species, and investigate the phylogeography of the taxa. The survey resulted in the discovery of 28 new species records for the Bijag & oacute;s Archipelago, including octocorals, scleractinians, hydroids, bryozoans, barnacles, and ascidians. Among these, six species were documented for the first time in the East Atlantic: Stragulum bicolor, Nemalecium lighti, Diphasia sp., Amathia alternata, A. distans, and Symplegma rubra. Molecular analyses revealed pervasive cryptic diversity within species previously listed as exotic, suggesting that some, such as the hydroids Plumularia setacea, Obelia geniculata, and Dynamena disticha, are not exotic due to their restricted biogeographic distributions. Many other species reported as introduced present only a few genetic lineages capable of long-distance dispersal due to human activities. The study highlights considerable gaps in the knowledge of West African marine biodiversity and suggests a substantial underestimation of the anthropogenic trade in exotic marine species between the Tropical East Atlantic and the Americas, and between the Indo-Pacific, Mediterranean, and West Africa. Detailed taxonomic and genomic analyses are necessary for understanding marine exotic species' biogeography and adaptive traits. Our findings challenge current classifications of exotic species and underscore the need for improved monitoring and management to prevent the spread of non-native marine species.
- Off the shelf: regulation of fish blood pH through ionocyte membrane remodelling and protein translocation without additional synthesiPublication . Guerreiro da Costa Guerreiro, Pedro Miguel; Canario, AdelinoOcean acidification (OA), together with warming and deoxygenation, forms the “deadly trio,” a combination that reduces ecosystems’ resilience, makes marine biodiversity vulnerable, and is considered a main contributor to global mass extinctions in the Earth’s history (1).
- Enhancing cryopreservation of human induced pluripotent stem cells: bottom‐up versus conventional freezing geometryPublication . Teodoro Duarte Garcia Morais, Fernando Jorge; El-Guendouz, Soukaina; Neves, Rafaela; Duarte, Andreia; Rodrigues, Miguel A.; Pinho Melo, EduardoInduced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold large potential in regenerative medicine due to their pluripotency and unlimited self-renewal capacity without the ethical issues of embryonic stem cells. To provide quality-controlled iPSCs for clinical therapies, it is essential to develop safe cryopreservation protocols for long-term storage, preferably amenable to scale-up and automation. We have compared the impact of two different freezing geometries (bottom-up and conventional radial freezing) on the viability and differentiation potential of human iPSCs. Our results demonstrate that bottom-up freezing under optimized conditions significantly increases iPSC viability, up to 9% for cell membrane integrity and up to 21% for cell metabolic state, compared to conventional freezing. The improvement achieved for bottom-up versus conventional freezing was maintained after scale-up from cryogenic vials to 30 mL bags, highlighting its potential for clinical applications. These findings show that bottom-up freezing can offer a more controlled and scalable cryopreservation strategy for iPSCs, promoting their application in regenerative medicine.
- Influence of different processing techniques on microalgal protein extractionPublication . Moreira, Catarina; Ferreira-Santos, Pedro; Nunes, Rafaela; Carvalho, Bernardo; Pereira, Hugo; Teixeira, José A.; Rocha, Cristina M.R.The nutrient-rich composition of microalgae biomass positions it as a highly promising natural food ingredient. This holds the potential to not only enhance the nutritional value of various food products but also simultaneously alter their structural attributes.This work investigated the effect of five protein extraction techniques such as freeze-thawing, enzymatic-assisted extraction, high-pressure homogenization, ultrasounds-assisted extraction, and pH adjustment (pH 7, pH 10, and pH 13) in protein yield, and subsequente cell and protein structure of three microalgal suspensions, namely, Chlorella vulgaris, Nannochloropsis oceanica, and Tetraselmis chui. In Chlorella vulgaris, freeze- thawing and high-pressure homogenization exhibited a higher effect in terms of protein yield (similar to 26.60 g (protein) /100 g (protein microalgae)). The same occurred for Nannochloropsis oceanica with also ultrasounds-assisted extractions and pH 7 and 10 having a protein yield above 30 %. Tetraselmis chui was similar to Chlorella vulgaris (>20.00 g (protein) /100 g (protein microalgae)) for freeze-thawing, high-pressure homogenization and ultrasound-assisted extraction. Enzymatic-assisted had a the lower protein yield for all the three microalgae (<10.00 g (protein) /100 g (protein microalgae)). The majority of proteins extracted from Chlorella vulgaris samples had molecular weights exceeding 337 kDa, whereas proteins extracted from Nannochloropsis and Tetraselmis had molecular weights ranging from 5 to 50 kDa. alpha-helices occurred in proteins extracted from Chlorella vulgaris through freeze-thawing and enzymatic-assisted extraction, while Nannochloropsis and Tetraselmis only had beta-sheet. In conclusion, for optimal protein yield recovery, methodologies such as freeze-thawing and high-pressure homogenization are the most efficient across all studied microalgae. The method selected for extraction had a greater impact on both the protein yield and structure for spray-dried cells.
- Effects of road density on regional food websPublication . Mestre, Frederico; Bastazini, V. A. G.; Ascensão, F.Roads stand as major threats to biodiversity because they affect the functioning of ecosystems and the provision of ecosystem services. Understanding how the effects of roads affect the dynamics of ecological interactions is essential to managing human impacts on biodiversity, but such studies are few. We investigated species vulnerability to road density and effects of road density on food webs across Europe. Using species-specific road density thresholds, beyond which local populations may not persist, and trophic interaction data (predator-prey interactions), we constructed regional food webs to assess the potential loss of trophic interactions due to roadkill. We analyzed data on 551 species across top, intermediate, and basal trophic levels. Effects of roads varied spatially. In areas near major cities, species lost >90% of their trophic interactions. We found 191 species that were affected by loss of prey or predators. Apex predators exhibited lower direct impacts from road density than predators at lower trophic levels, and basal-level species seemed more exposed to direct road-related effects (roadkill), which could trigger a cascade of interaction disruptions. Our findings emphasize the need for informed road infrastructure development and targeted conservation strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of roads and traffic and thereby preserve the integrity of ecological networks. Our identification of critical areas where road-induced cascade effects may be most pronounced and of groups of species that may be at higher risk from roads can inform policy and conservation planning.