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Resolving the population structure and demographic history of the European anchovy in the northeast atlantic: tracking historical and contemporary environmental changes

2025-06-04Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorMartin Pujolar, José
dc.contributor.authorGardiner, Courtney E. C.
dc.contributor.authorHeyden, Sophie von der
dc.contributor.authorRobalo, Joana I.
dc.contributor.authorCastilho, Rita
dc.contributor.authorLopes da Cunha, Regina
dc.contributor.authorHenriques, Romina
dc.contributor.authorNielsen, Einar E.
dc.date.accessioned2025-07-25T10:18:57Z
dc.date.available2025-07-25T10:18:57Z
dc.date.issued2025-06-04
dc.description.abstractThe spatial distribution of the European anchovy has expanded in the northern part of its range in the Northeast Atlantic in recent decades. However, whether this results from a northward range shift of southern conspecifics or the expansion of a local northern population is unknown. Using for the first time whole-genome sequencing, we explore current patterns of genetic diversity and population sub-structuring of European anchovy in the Northeast Atlantic, with special focus on recently expanded North Sea areas. Genomic data suggested three distinct groups: Northern (North Sea and Kattegat), Southern (Ireland and Central Portugal) and Cadis (South Portugal). Despite most of the genome being homogenised by high levels of gene flow characteristic of small pelagic fish, several large regions of high genetic differentiation were observed. This suggests that genomic population boundaries might be maintained by local adaptation within chromosome structural variants (inversions). Admixture analysis indicates that the ongoing northern range shift involves both migrants of southern origin and expansion of the local North Sea population. Historical demographic inference suggests that anchovies survived the last glacial period with small population sizes, followed by a split into the current Northern and Southern groups at the end of the last glacial maximum. The Southern group then expanded into the North Sea as the ice sheets retreated, in an expansion involving a large number of individuals, which is consistent with the retention of most of the genetic diversity. In comparison with other small pelagic fish, the genetic patterns found in anchovies (deeply divergent groups, no loss of genetic diversity during expansion, mixing between groups) align well with those found in European sprat, while sardines fit the pattern of expansion of a leading-edge population, with reduced genetic diversity and much shallower divergence between populations. This study contributes to a better understanding of population structure, range shifts and local adaptation in small pelagic fish under climate change, informing conservation and management efforts.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipUIDB/MAR/04292, MARE/UIDP/04292, and LA/P/0069/2020 granted to MARE and ARNET. R.C. and R.C. received Portuguese national funds from FCTFoundation for Science and Technology through projects UIDB/04326/2020, UIDP/04326/2020, and LA/P/0101/2020.
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/mec.17829
dc.identifier.eissn1365-294X
dc.identifier.issn0962-1083
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/27493
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherWiley
dc.relationAlgarve Centre for Marine Sciences
dc.relationAlgarve Centre for Marine Sciences
dc.relationCentre for Marine and Environmental Research
dc.relationMarine and Environmental Sciences Centre
dc.relationAquatic Research Infrastructure Network
dc.relation.ispartofMolecular Ecology
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectClimate change
dc.subjectGenetic diversity
dc.subjectMarine ecosystems
dc.subjectPopulation genomics
dc.subjectRange expansion
dc.titleResolving the population structure and demographic history of the European anchovy in the northeast atlantic: tracking historical and contemporary environmental changeseng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleAlgarve Centre for Marine Sciences
oaire.awardTitleAlgarve Centre for Marine Sciences
oaire.awardTitleCentre for Marine and Environmental Research
oaire.awardTitleMarine and Environmental Sciences Centre
oaire.awardTitleAquatic Research Infrastructure Network
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F04326%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F04326%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/LA%2FP%2F0101%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F04292%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/LA%2FP%2F0069%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.startPagee17829
oaire.citation.titleMolecular Ecology
oaire.citation.volume34
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
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oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
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oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameCastilho
person.familyNameLopes da Cunha
person.givenNameRita
person.givenNameRegina
person.identifier452212
person.identifier.ciencia-id0513-0407-A6C1
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-0727-3688
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-4275-9723
person.identifier.ridB-6185-2008
person.identifier.ridM-3463-2013
person.identifier.scopus-author-id56271196600
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project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
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project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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