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Earthworms and their cutaneous excreta can modify the virulence and reproductive capability of entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi

2021-09Journal article Open Access
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dc.contributor.authorChelkha, Maryam
dc.contributor.authorBlanco-Pérez, Rubén
dc.contributor.authorVicente-Díez, Ignacio
dc.contributor.authorBueno-Pallero, Francisco
dc.contributor.authorAmghar, Souad
dc.contributor.authorEl Harti, Abdellatif
dc.contributor.authorCampos-Herrera, Raquel
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-07T14:55:13Z
dc.date.available2021-10-07T14:55:13Z
dc.date.issued2021-09
dc.description.abstractEarthworms are ecological engineers that can contribute to the displacement of biological control agents such as the entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and fungi (EPF). However, a previous study showed that the presence of cutaneous excreta (CEx) and feeding behavior of the earthworm species Eisenia fetida (Haplotaxida: Lumbricidae) compromise the biocontrol efficacy of certain EPN species by reducing, for example, their reproductive capability. Whether this phenomenon is a general pattern for the interaction of earthworms-entomopathogens is still unknown. We hypothesized that diverse earthworm species might differentially affect EPN and EPF infectivity and reproductive capability. Here we investigated the interaction of different earthworm species (Eisenia fetida, Lumbricus terrestris, and Perionyx excavatus) (Haplotaxida) and EPN species (Steinernema feltiae, S. riojaense, and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora) (Rhabditida) or EPF species (Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae) (Hypocreales), in two independent experiments. First, we evaluated the application of each entomopathogen combined with earthworms or their CEx in autoclaved soil. Hereafter, we studied the impact of the earthworms’ CEx on entomopathogens applied at two different concentrations in autoclaved sand. Overall, we found that the effect of earthworms on entomopathogens was species-specific. For example, E. fetida reduced the virulence of S. feltiae, resulted in neutral effects for S. riojaense, and increased H. bacteriophora virulence. However, the earthworm P. excavates increased the virulence of S. feltiae, reduced the activity of H. bacteriophora, at least at specific timings, while S. riojaense remained unaffected. Finally, none of the EPN species were affected by the presence of L. terrestris. Also, the exposure to earthworm CEx resulted in a positive, negative or neutral effect on the virulence and reproduction capability depending on the earthworm-EPN species interaction. Concerning EPF, the impact of earthworms was also differential among species. Thus, E. fetida was detrimental to M. anisopliae and B. bassiana after eight days post-exposure, whereas Lumbricus terrestris resulted only detrimental to B. bassiana. In addition, most of the CEx treatments of both earthworm species decreased B. bassiana virulence and growth. However, the EPF M. anisopliae was unaffected when exposed to L. terrestris CEx, while the exposure to E. fetida CEx produced contrasting results. We conclude that earthworms and their CEx can have positive, deleterious, or neutral impacts on entomopathogens that often coinhabit soils, and that we must consider the species specificity of these interactions for mutual uses in biological control programs. Additional studies are needed to verify these interactions under natural conditions.pt_PT
dc.description.sponsorshipCOOPA20231; RYC-2016-19939
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jip.2021.107620pt_PT
dc.identifier.eissn1096-0805
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/17199
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherAcademic Press Inc Elsevier Sciencept_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectCutaneous excretapt_PT
dc.subjectEisenia fetidapt_PT
dc.subjectEntomopathogenspt_PT
dc.subjectLumbricus terrestrispt_PT
dc.subjectPerionyx excavatespt_PT
dc.titleEarthworms and their cutaneous excreta can modify the virulence and reproductive capability of entomopathogenic nematodes and fungipt_PT
dc.title.alternativeMinhocas e sua excreta cutânea podem modificar a virulência e capacidade reprodutiva de nematoides e fungos entomopatômicospt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.startPage107620pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleJournal of Invertebrate Pathologypt_PT
oaire.citation.volume184pt_PT
person.familyNameBueno-Pallero
person.givenNameFrancisco
person.identifier.ciencia-id6716-548E-192D
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-5755-1178
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublication0f8ebf77-35ae-49cc-bc1b-e4ed34463d0a
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery0f8ebf77-35ae-49cc-bc1b-e4ed34463d0a

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