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High variability in aggression and habituation to the mirror assay in ornamental Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens

2025-07-17Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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datacite.subject.sdg09:Indústria, Inovação e Infraestruturas
datacite.subject.sdg04:Educação de Qualidade
datacite.subject.sdg14:Proteger a Vida Marinha
dc.contributor.authorCoelho da Silva, Melina
dc.contributor.authorCanario, Adelino
dc.contributor.authorHubbard, Peter
dc.contributor.authorCardoso, Sara D.
dc.contributor.authorGonçalves, David
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-19T13:14:41Z
dc.date.available2026-03-19T13:14:41Z
dc.date.issued2025-07-17
dc.description.abstractUnderstanding consistent inter-individual variability in animal behaviour, known as personality traits, is essential for exploring the mechanisms and evolutionary consequences of behavioural diversity. Aggressive behaviour influences survival, resource acquisition, and reproduction, so clarifying individual differences can enhance our understanding of ecological dynamics and improve experimental design accuracy in behavioural studies. In this study, ornamental male Betta splendens, a model organism for aggression research, were analysed for intra- and inter-individual variability in aggressive responses to their mirror image—a standard method for assessing aggression in fish—once per week, and their consistency was evaluated over three consecutive weeks There were significant differences in aggressive behaviour across individuals, with coefficients of variation ranging from 29 to 60%. While most fish exhibited the full suite of aggressive displays, some showed no aggressive behaviour, while others only displayed threat behaviours but did not advance to the attacks. The consistency of individual threat and attack behaviours varied, but repeatability was high overall (intra-class correlation coefficients≥0.5), indicating that individual fish have different levels of aggression. There was habituation to the mirror assay, with aggression decreasing significantly by the second week, though the degree of habituation, a form of learning, varied among individuals in some behaviours. Air-breathing frequency correlated positively with aggression behaviours and can be considered an indicator to infer aggression level in this species. These results indicate that inter-individual variation in aggressive behaviour and habituation to repeated testing using the mirror assay should be considered in aggression studies using B. splendens and potentially in other species.eng
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s10211-025-00469-9
dc.identifier.eissn1437-9546
dc.identifier.issn0873-9749
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/28485
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherSpringer
dc.relationAlgarve Centre for Marine Sciences
dc.relationAlgarve Centre for Marine Sciences
dc.relationCentre for Marine and Environmental Research
dc.relationVegetable protein milk from european pulses with bioactive potential
dc.relation.ispartofacta ethologica
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectAggressive behaviour
dc.subjectIntra-variability
dc.subjectInter-variability
dc.subjectRepeatability
dc.subjectWaning-effect
dc.titleHigh variability in aggression and habituation to the mirror assay in ornamental Siamese fighting fish Betta splendenseng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardNumberUIDB/04326/2020
oaire.awardNumberUIDP/04326/2020
oaire.awardNumberLA/P/0101/2020
oaire.awardNumberPTDC/BAA-AGR/28370/2017
oaire.awardTitleAlgarve Centre for Marine Sciences
oaire.awardTitleAlgarve Centre for Marine Sciences
oaire.awardTitleCentre for Marine and Environmental Research
oaire.awardTitleVegetable protein milk from european pulses with bioactive potential
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F04326%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F04326%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/LA%2FP%2F0101%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/3599-PPCDT/PTDC%2FBAA-AGR%2F28370%2F2017/PT
oaire.citation.endPage150
oaire.citation.issue3
oaire.citation.startPage139
oaire.citation.titleActa ethologica
oaire.citation.volume28
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream3599-PPCDT
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameCoelho da Silva
person.familyNameCanario
person.familyNameHubbard
person.givenNameMelina
person.givenNameAdelino
person.givenNamePeter
person.identifier143624
person.identifier.ciencia-idF51A-B4C2-5402
person.identifier.ciencia-id1F1E-D3B3-F804
person.identifier.ciencia-id951F-BA4B-A21F
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-2171-1373
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-6244-6468
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-3007-4647
person.identifier.ridC-7942-2009
person.identifier.ridB-2823-2008
person.identifier.scopus-author-id56568523700
person.identifier.scopus-author-id7005928467
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
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project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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