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Economical and operational optimization of CALB immobilization on MP1000 for amidation of olein fatty acids with ethanolamine
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Abstract(s)
Em indústria, a substituição de processos químicos por enzimáticos cresceu vastamente
nas últimas décadas.
Esta tese consiste no desenvolvimento da produção de alcanolamidas via catálise
enzimática, onde aspectos técnicos e económicos foram levados em conta. As matériasprimas
utilizadas foram ácidos gordos de óleo de colza e monoetanolamina. A reacção
de amidação foi catalizada pela lipase B de Candida antarctica imobilizado em Accurel
MP1000. O produto formado, monoetanolamida, pode ser, principalmente, usado em
limpezas como surfactante. Não foram utilizados solventes na sua produção.
Na primeira parte, a reacção foi levada a cabo em escala de 2mL. A imobilização do
lipase foi estudada e de seguida foram testadas uma série de condições operacionais de
modo a optimizar o processo de produção. As reacções foram iniciadas com uma
relação molar entre ácidos gordos e monoetanolamina de 2:1, de modo a evitar
viscosidade elevada e a formação do sal de par iónico. Isto foi útil para seleccionar um
nível de carga de enzima (2,5%), uma temperatura de reacção (80ºC), um sistema para
adicionar a restante metade molar de monoetanolamina (em três partes, aos níveis de
conversão de 30%, 65% e 80%), e a concentração de catalisador por volume inicial
(40mg/mL).
A segunda parte consistiu no aumento de escala para três diferentes reactores: tanque
agitado em modo descontínuo (50mL), reactor de leito fixo (50mL), e reactor de leito
fluidizado (37,5mL). Em todos os reactores foi observada uma conversão superior a
97% em menos de 7h. O reactor de leito fixo foi seleccionado para testar a estabilidade
do lipase B de Candida antarctica em Accurel MP1000, o qual demonstrou um tempo
de meia vida, baseado na velocidade inicial de reacção, de 7 a 8 ciclos.
In industry, the substitution of chemical by enzymatic processes has vastly increased in the last decades. This report consists in the development of alkanolamides production via enzymatic catalysis, where technical and economical aspects were taken into consideration. The raw materials used were olein fatty acids (from rapeseed oil) and monoethanolmine. The amidation reaction was catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B immobilized on Accurel MP1000. The product formed, monoethanolamide can be used mainly in cleanings as surfactant. No solvents were used. In a first part, the reaction was carried out at 2mL scale. Firstly, the lipase immobilization behavior was studied. Then a range of operational conditions were tested to optimize the process. The reactions were started with a 2:1 molar relation between olein fatty acids and monoethanolamine, in order to prevent high viscosity and ion-pair salt formation. This was useful to select an enzyme loading (2,5%), a reaction temperature (80ºC), a system to add the monoethanolamine residual half molar (in three parts at 30%, 65%, 80% conversion levels), and the catalyst concentration per initial volume (40mg/mL). The second part was the scale-up to three different reactors: batch stirred tank reactor (50mL), packed bed reactor (50mL), and fluidized bed reactor (37,5mL). In all of them more than 97% conversion was observed in less than 7h. Packed bed reactor was selected to test the stability of Candida antarctica lipase B on Accurel MP1000, which showed a half life time based on initial reaction rate of 7 to 8 cycles.
In industry, the substitution of chemical by enzymatic processes has vastly increased in the last decades. This report consists in the development of alkanolamides production via enzymatic catalysis, where technical and economical aspects were taken into consideration. The raw materials used were olein fatty acids (from rapeseed oil) and monoethanolmine. The amidation reaction was catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B immobilized on Accurel MP1000. The product formed, monoethanolamide can be used mainly in cleanings as surfactant. No solvents were used. In a first part, the reaction was carried out at 2mL scale. Firstly, the lipase immobilization behavior was studied. Then a range of operational conditions were tested to optimize the process. The reactions were started with a 2:1 molar relation between olein fatty acids and monoethanolamine, in order to prevent high viscosity and ion-pair salt formation. This was useful to select an enzyme loading (2,5%), a reaction temperature (80ºC), a system to add the monoethanolamine residual half molar (in three parts at 30%, 65%, 80% conversion levels), and the catalyst concentration per initial volume (40mg/mL). The second part was the scale-up to three different reactors: batch stirred tank reactor (50mL), packed bed reactor (50mL), and fluidized bed reactor (37,5mL). In all of them more than 97% conversion was observed in less than 7h. Packed bed reactor was selected to test the stability of Candida antarctica lipase B on Accurel MP1000, which showed a half life time based on initial reaction rate of 7 to 8 cycles.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado , Engenharia Biológica, Faculdade de Engenharia de Recursos Naturais, Universidade do Algarve, 2008
Keywords
Tecnologia industrial Engenharia biológica