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Glowing hazards: toxicological effects of festive glowsticks

2026-02Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorPaixão, Pedro Henrique
dc.contributor.authorSantana, Felipe Teixeira
dc.contributor.authorGuimarães, Murilo Vieira
dc.contributor.authorCastro, João Vitor de
dc.contributor.authorPereira, Vinicius Gonçalves
dc.contributor.authorPrieto, Camila
dc.contributor.authorOliveira, Lilly Cristine Cunha De
dc.contributor.authorSoares, Vitória Nogueira
dc.contributor.authorOliveira, Otto Müller Patrão de
dc.contributor.authorRibeiro, Caio Cesar
dc.date.accessioned2025-12-22T10:01:23Z
dc.date.available2025-12-22T10:01:23Z
dc.date.issued2026-02
dc.description.abstractThe widespread use and improper disposal of glowsticks (GS), especially during coastal festivities and in industrial fishing, raise ecotoxicological concerns for marine ecosystems. These devices contain complex chemical mixtures, including oxalate esters, hydrogen peroxide, phthalates, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), many of which can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cause toxic effects. This study assessed the acute toxicity of four GS colors (green, red, yellow, and blue) using embryo-larval development and mortality assays on three marine invertebrates: the sea urchin Echinometra lucunter, the sand dollar Mellita quinquiesperforata, and the brine shrimp Artemia salina. All colors caused developmental or lethal effects, with green GS consistently showing the highest toxicity. In E. lucunter, green GS fully inhibited larval development at all tested concentrations; EC50 values for yellow, red, and blue were 0.00072, 0.00877, and 0.02156 mL⋅L− 1 , respectively. For M. quinquiesperforata, EC50s were 0.00538 (green), 0.05471 (red), and 0.0000732 mL⋅L− 1 (blue); yellow GS caused total mortality, precluding EC50 determination. In A. salina, LC50s were 0.00410 (yellow), 0.00583 (blue), and 0.01193 mL⋅L− 1 (red); green GS had a NOEC of 0.0001 and LOEC of 0.001 mL⋅L− 1 , with no definable LC50. Results revealed species- and color-dependent sensitivity, implicating dye composition as a key toxicity driver. This is the first report of GS-derived toxicity in sand dollars and the first to provide comparative profiles across marine taxa. Findings highlight the need for regulation and environmental oversight of chemiluminescent product disposal.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipCEECINSTLA/00028/2022/CP2990/CT0002
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.119001
dc.identifier.issn0025-326X
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/27999
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relationAlgarve Centre for Marine Sciences
dc.relationCentre for Marine and Environmental Research
dc.relation.ispartofMarine Pollution Bulletin
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectGlowsticks
dc.subjectMarine invertebrates
dc.subjectPAHs
dc.subjectEmbryo-larval toxicity
dc.subjectReactive oxygen species
dc.subjectCoastal pollution
dc.titleGlowing hazards: toxicological effects of festive glowstickseng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleAlgarve Centre for Marine Sciences
oaire.awardTitleCentre for Marine and Environmental Research
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F04326%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/LA%2FP%2F0101%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.startPage119001
oaire.citation.titleMarine Pollution Bulletin
oaire.citation.volume223
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameRibeiro
person.givenNameCaio Cesar
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-4418-0624
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
relation.isAuthorOfPublication3a50f48e-9cf0-4412-88a6-672a33233aa6
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery3a50f48e-9cf0-4412-88a6-672a33233aa6
relation.isProjectOfPublicationfafa76a6-2cd2-4a6d-a3c9-772f34d3b91f
relation.isProjectOfPublication794d4c77-c731-471e-bc96-5a41dcd3d872
relation.isProjectOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryfafa76a6-2cd2-4a6d-a3c9-772f34d3b91f

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