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Circannual prevalence of tetrodotoxins in trumpet shells: sea stars as a possible source of contamination and Implications for food safety

2025-10Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorPais, Maria
dc.contributor.authorCarvalho, Flávia
dc.contributor.authorFrade, Magda
dc.contributor.authorReis Costa, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorSilva, José Paulo da
dc.contributor.authorMarçalo, Ana
dc.contributor.authorCanario, Adelino
dc.contributor.authorLage, Sandra
dc.date.accessioned2025-05-21T10:28:06Z
dc.date.available2025-05-21T10:28:06Z
dc.date.issued2025-10
dc.description.abstractTetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin, first identified in fish from the Tetraodontidae family but also detected in marine invertebrates. A Human poisoning episode after consumption of trumpet shell Charonia lampas, likely caught off the Portuguese mainland southern coast - Algarve, together with the increasing reports of TTX in European waters, led the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to recommend maximum safe limits for Human consumption of shellfish meat. However, data on temporal and species incidence of TTX are lacking. In the present study, TTX and its analogues were analysed by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) in trumpet shells and in one of their potential prey sources of TTX, the sea star Astropecten aranciacus. The estimated toxicity, based on a Toxicity Equivalency Factors approach, of non-edible trumpet shell tissues consistently surpassed EFSA limits (44 mu g TTX equivalent (eq.) kg(-1)) over the studied year. A correlation between TTX concentration and bottom seawater temperature suggests a possible role of this parameter in TTX uptake. TTX levels in edible trumpet shell tissues and all but one sea star individual were below quantification limits. However, several TTX analogues were quantified in the sea stars, resulting in estimated toxicities (monthly averages) ranging from 7 to 64 mu g TTX eq kg(-1) in the digestive glands and from 0.3 to 27 mu g TTX eq. kg(-1) in the stomachs. Therefore, the sea star is a possible TTX source for trumpet shells. Despite the absence of TTX in common edible parts of trumpet shells, whole-shell sales in markets pose a consumer risk, highlighting the need for TTX monitoring and public awareness programs to prevent poisoning.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipLIFE18/NAT/PT/000927
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111353
dc.identifier.issn0956-7135
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/27141
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relationAlgarve Centre for Marine Sciences
dc.relationAlgarve Centre for Marine Sciences
dc.relationCentre for Marine and Environmental Research
dc.relation.ispartofFood Control
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectEmergent toxins
dc.subjectSeafood safety
dc.subjectGastropods
dc.subjectOccurrence data
dc.subjectEuropean waters
dc.subjectLC-HRMS
dc.titleCircannual prevalence of tetrodotoxins in trumpet shells: sea stars as a possible source of contamination and Implications for food safetyeng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleAlgarve Centre for Marine Sciences
oaire.awardTitleAlgarve Centre for Marine Sciences
oaire.awardTitleCentre for Marine and Environmental Research
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F04326%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F04326%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/LA%2FP%2F0101%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.startPage111353
oaire.citation.titleFood Control
oaire.citation.volume176
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNamePais
person.familyNameCarvalho
person.familyNameFrade
person.familyNameReis Costa
person.familyNameSilva
person.familyNameMarçalo
person.familyNameCanario
person.familyNameLage
person.givenNameMaria
person.givenNameFlávia
person.givenNameMagda
person.givenNamePedro
person.givenNameJosé Paulo da
person.givenNameAna
person.givenNameAdelino
person.givenNameSandra
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person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-4006-5648
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person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-6458-7328
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-0485-341X
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-6244-6468
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-0167-7163
person.identifier.ridN-1908-2019
person.identifier.ridA-4606-2008
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person.identifier.scopus-author-id7201895802
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project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
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project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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