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The genetic history of Portugal over the past 5,000 years.

2025-08-18Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorRoca-Rada, Xavier
dc.contributor.authorDavidson, Roberta
dc.contributor.authorWilliams, Matthew P.
dc.contributor.authorVillalba-Mouco, Vanessa
dc.contributor.authorCarvalho, António Manuel Faustino de
dc.contributor.authorRavishankar, Shyamsundar
dc.contributor.authorCollen, Evelyn
dc.contributor.authorHaarkötter, Christian
dc.contributor.authorTaufik, Leonard
dc.contributor.authorCuesta-Aguirre, Daniel R.
dc.contributor.authorTente, Catarina
dc.contributor.authorCalleja, Álvaro M Monge
dc.contributor.authorMacRoberts, Rebecca Anne
dc.contributor.authorMelo, Linda
dc.contributor.authorPurnomo, Gludhug A.
dc.contributor.authorSouilmi, Yassine
dc.contributor.authorTobler, Raymond
dc.contributor.authorCunha, Eugénia
dc.contributor.authorTereso, Sofia
dc.contributor.authorMatos, Vítor M. J.
dc.contributor.authorFernandes, Teresa Matos
dc.contributor.authorMaurer, Anne-France
dc.contributor.authorSilva, Ana Maria
dc.contributor.authorCarvalho, Pedro C.
dc.contributor.authorLlamas, Bastien
dc.contributor.authorTeixeira, João C.
dc.date.accessioned2025-09-24T13:06:51Z
dc.date.available2025-09-24T13:06:51Z
dc.date.issued2025-08-18
dc.description.abstractRecent ancient DNA studies uncovering large-scale demographic events in Iberia have presented very limited data for Portugal, a country located at the westernmost edge of continental Eurasia. Here, we present the most comprehensive collection of Portuguese ancient genome-wide data, from 67 individuals spanning 5000 years of human history, from the Neolithic to the nineteenth century. We identify early admixture between local hunter-gatherers and Anatolian-related farmers in Neolithic Portugal, with a northeastern-southwestern gradient of increasing Magdalenian-associated ancestry persistence in Iberia. This profile continues into the Chalcolithic, though Bell Beaker-associated sites reveal Portugal's first evidence of Steppe-related ancestry. Such ancestry has a broader demographic impact during the Bronze Age, despite continuity of local Chalcolithic genetic ancestry and limited Mediterranean connections. The village of Idanha-a-Velha emerges in the Roman period as a site of significant migration and interaction, presenting a notably diverse genetic profile that includes North African and Eastern Mediterranean ancestries. The Early Medieval period is marked by the arrival of Central European genetic diversity, likely linked to migrations of Germanic tribes, adding to coeval local, African, and Mediterranean influences. The Islamic and Christian Conquest periods show strong genetic continuity in northern Portugal and significant additional African admixture in the south. The latter remains stable during the post-Islamic period, suggesting enduring African influences. We reveal dynamic patterns of migration in line with cultural exchange across millennia, but also the persistence of local ancestries. Our findings integrate genetic information with historical and archeological data, enhancing our understanding of Iberia's biological and cultural heritage.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipPTDC/HAR-ARQ/6273/2020; FPU 20/01967
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/s13059-025-03707-2
dc.identifier.other40826367
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/27735
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherBMC
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectAncient DNA
dc.subjectArchaeology
dc.subjectIberia
dc.subjectMolecular anthropology
dc.subjectPaleogenomics
dc.subjectPopulation genetics
dc.subjectPortuguese populations
dc.titleThe genetic history of Portugal over the past 5,000 years.eng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.startPage248
oaire.citation.titleGenome Biology
oaire.citation.volume26
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameCarvalho
person.givenNameAntónio Manuel Faustino de
person.identifier.ciencia-id1817-DD0F-21B4
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-0912-2325
person.identifier.ridAAH-9034-2019
person.identifier.scopus-author-id16174587700
relation.isAuthorOfPublication05ba4a75-47d8-4961-8818-0b29189c2af3
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery05ba4a75-47d8-4961-8818-0b29189c2af3

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