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The first response of animals to stressors is a generalized neuroendocrine response that mobilizes energy and promotes the physiological and behavioural adjustments required to cope (Romero et al., 2009).
This dynamic process of maintaining stability (homeostasis) through change has been incorporated in the concept of allostasis (McEwen and Wingfield, 2003). The neuroendocrine system is the key mediator of
aloostasis and ultimately can be desensitized by repeated stresses, compromising adaptability in response to additional challenges (Barton, 2002). Climate change has the potential to generate and amplify stressors beyond homeostatic limits. While behavioral responses can avoid or limit the impact of some stressors, endocrine regulation may be an important facilitator of phenotypic plasticity under a shifting environment, as a path towards evolutionary adaptation to climate change (Lema, 2020). The contributions to this special issue reflect different facets of the neuroendocrine regulation of stress response and provide an insight into both plasticity and adaptive selection of the endocrine system.
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Elsevier Science