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Identifying toxic impacts of metals potentially released during deep-sea mining: a synthesis of the challenges to quantifying risk

2017-11Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorHauton, Chris
dc.contributor.authorBrown, Alastair
dc.contributor.authorThatje, Sven
dc.contributor.authorMestre, Nélia
dc.contributor.authorBebianno, Maria
dc.contributor.authorMartins, Inês
dc.contributor.authorBettencourt, Raul
dc.contributor.authorCanals, Miquel
dc.contributor.authorSanchez-Vidal, Anna
dc.contributor.authorShillito, Bruce
dc.contributor.authorRavaux, J.
dc.contributor.authorZbinden, Magali
dc.contributor.authorDuperron, Sébastien
dc.contributor.authorMevenkamp, Lisa
dc.contributor.authorVanreusel, Ann
dc.contributor.authorGambi, Cristina
dc.contributor.authorDell'Anno, Antonio
dc.contributor.authorDanovaro, Roberto
dc.contributor.authorGunn, Vikki
dc.contributor.authorWeaver, Phil
dc.date.accessioned2018-02-26T16:08:25Z
dc.date.available2018-02-26T16:08:25Z
dc.date.issued2017-11
dc.description.abstractIn January 2017, the International Seabed Authority released a discussion paper on the development of Environmental Regulations for deep-sea mining (DSM) within the Area Beyond National Jurisdiction (the “Area”). With the release of this paper, the prospect for commercial mining in the Area within the next decade has become very real. Moreover, within nations’ Exclusive Economic Zones, the exploitation of deep-sea mineral ore resources could take place on very much shorter time scales and, indeed, may have already started. However, potentially toxic metal mixtures may be released at sea during different stages of the mining process and in different physical phases (dissolved or particulate). As toxicants, metals can disrupt organism physiology and performance, and therefore may impact whole populations, leading to ecosystem scale effects. A challenge to the prediction of toxicity is that deep-sea ore deposits include complex mixtures of minerals, including potentially toxic metals such as copper, cadmium, zinc, and lead, as well as rare earth elements. Whereas the individual toxicity of some of these dissolved metals has been established in laboratory studies, the complex and variable mineral composition of seabed resources makes the a priori prediction of the toxic risk of DSM extremely challenging. Furthermore, although extensive data quantify the toxicity of metals in solution in shallow-water organisms, these may not be representative of the toxicity in deep-sea organisms, which may differ biochemically and physiologically and which will experience those toxicants under conditions of low temperature, high hydrostatic pressure, and potentially altered pH. In this synthesis, we present a summation of recent advances in our understanding of the potential toxic impacts of metal exposure to deep-sea meio- to megafauna at low temperature and high pressure, and consider the limitation of deriving lethal limits based on the paradigm of exposure to single metals in solution. We consider the potential for long-term and farfield impacts to key benthic invertebrates, including the very real prospect of sub-lethal impacts and behavioral perturbation of exposed species. In conclusion, we advocate the adoption of an existing practical framework for characterizing bulk resource toxicity in advance of exploitation.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fmars.2017.00368pt_PT
dc.identifier.other2296-7745
dc.identifier.otherAUT: MBE00379;
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/10387
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherFrontiers Mediapt_PT
dc.relationManaging Impacts of Deep-seA reSource exploitation
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectDeep-sea miningpt_PT
dc.subjectToxicologypt_PT
dc.subjectManganese nodulespt_PT
dc.subjectHydrothermal ventspt_PT
dc.subjectAdaptive managementpt_PT
dc.titleIdentifying toxic impacts of metals potentially released during deep-sea mining: a synthesis of the challenges to quantifying riskpt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleManaging Impacts of Deep-seA reSource exploitation
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/603418/EU
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/5876/UID%2FMAR%2F04292%2F2013/PT
oaire.citation.titleFrontiers in Marine Sciencept_PT
oaire.citation.volume4pt_PT
oaire.fundingStreamFP7
oaire.fundingStream5876
person.familyNameMestre
person.familyNameBebianno
person.givenNameNélia
person.givenNameMaria
person.identifier195864
person.identifier.ciencia-idD71D-759D-F6FC
person.identifier.ciencia-id2B11-46AC-B94B
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-6871-9984
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-1492-8566
person.identifier.ridC-1943-2009
person.identifier.scopus-author-id35237689600
person.identifier.scopus-author-id7004152715
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100008530
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameEuropean Commission
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublication6ed5a7d3-57d3-4171-9aad-8c761e4cb38a
relation.isAuthorOfPublication2e00a26d-1dd3-4c22-a6bf-ac7943ae0d32
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery2e00a26d-1dd3-4c22-a6bf-ac7943ae0d32
relation.isProjectOfPublication35ab4469-7888-46b5-ba82-a7bec3e73077
relation.isProjectOfPublicationb84cb732-8d6b-43ff-974b-01c29a129290
relation.isProjectOfPublication.latestForDiscovery35ab4469-7888-46b5-ba82-a7bec3e73077

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