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Potential protective role of amphibian skin bacteria against water mold saprolegnia spp.

dc.contributor.authorCosta, Sara
dc.contributor.authorProença, Diogo Neves
dc.contributor.authorAlves, Artur
dc.contributor.authorMorais, Paula V.
dc.contributor.authorLopes, Isabel
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-20T10:02:01Z
dc.date.available2025-10-20T10:02:01Z
dc.date.issued2025-09-02
dc.description.abstractAmphibian populations have experienced a severe decline over the past 40 years, driven primarily by environmental pollution, habitat destruction, climate change, and disease. This work reports, for the first time, saprolegniosis in Pelophylax perezi egg masses and saprolegniosis in amphibians in Portugal. After isolation and phylogenetic analysis, the pathogen was identified as Saprolegnia australis. Following this, the present work intended to screen a collection of P. perezi skin bacteria for the existence of bacterial strains with inhibitory action against the newly identified S. australis SC1 and two other species, Saprolegnia diclina SAP 1010 UE and Saprolegnia australis SAP 1581 UE. The results showed that various bacterial species could inhibit the growth of these three species of oomycetes. Bacteria with the most significant antagonistic action against Saprolegnia spp. predominantly belonged to the genus Bacillus, followed by Serratia, Pseudomonas, and Aeromonas. Despite variations in bacterial diversity among frog populations, the present study also demonstrated the presence of bacteria on frogs’ skin that were capable of inhibiting Saprolegnia spp., as evidenced by in vitro challenge assays. These findings highlight the protective function of bacteria present in amphibian skin. The observed bacterial diversity may contribute to the metabolic redundancy of the frog skin microbiome, helping to maintain its functional capacity despite shifts in the community composition. Additionally, the study found that, when providing a more advantageous environment for pathogen growth—in this case a peptone–glucose (PG) medium instead of R2A—the percentage of bacteria with moderate-to-strong antagonistic activity dropped by 13% to 4%. In conclusion, the presence of bacteria capable of inhibiting Saprolegnia spp. in adult individuals and across different environmental conditions may contribute to lowering the susceptibility of frog adults towards Saprolegnia spp., compared with that in the early stages of development, like the tadpole or egg stages.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipPD/BD/113605/2015; UID/EMS/00285/2020
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/jof11090649
dc.identifier.issn2309-608X
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/27836
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relationCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies
dc.relationMediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development
dc.relationCHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Fungi
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectSkin bacteria
dc.subjectSaprolegnia spp.
dc.subjectAntagonistic effects
dc.subjectPelophylax perezi
dc.subjectS. australis
dc.titlePotential protective role of amphibian skin bacteria against water mold saprolegnia spp.eng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies
oaire.awardTitleMediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development
oaire.awardTitleCHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/LA%2FP%2F0094%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F05183%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/LA%2FP%2F0121%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.edition659
oaire.citation.issue9
oaire.citation.titleJournal of Fungi
oaire.citation.volume11
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameProença
person.givenNameDiogo Neves
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-1284-9082
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
relation.isAuthorOfPublication9dd65049-69ed-48dc-a978-0be4af17b084
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery9dd65049-69ed-48dc-a978-0be4af17b084
relation.isProjectOfPublication389df51b-8941-424c-b433-728d77201031
relation.isProjectOfPublication823bd652-ee6c-4479-91c5-06095bc37e9c
relation.isProjectOfPublication76778384-d236-4a36-b64b-882e4c653cd1
relation.isProjectOfPublication.latestForDiscovery389df51b-8941-424c-b433-728d77201031

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