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Micro-EDXRF investigation of Chalcolithic gold ornaments from Portuguese Estremadura

2017-08Journal article Restricted
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dc.contributor.authorValerio, P.
dc.contributor.authorSoares, A. M. M.
dc.contributor.authorAraujo, M. F.
dc.contributor.authorCarvalho, António
dc.date.accessioned2019-11-20T15:07:32Z
dc.date.available2019-11-20T15:07:32Z
dc.date.issued2017-08
dc.description.abstractChalcolithic gold artefacts assigned to the Bell Beaker Culture in Portuguese Estremadura were analysed by micro-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. These high-status jewels comprise beads of tubular, spiral and double-conical type, a spiral ring and a wire fragment. The collection is mainly composed of gold with 8.7-16.3 wt% Ag and <0.04 wt% Cu. Additionally, there is a typologically uncommon double-conical bead showing a lower Ag content (6.7 wt%). The relative intensity of the Ag-K and Ag-L X-rays from artefacts established the existence of a surface layer depleted in silver, while the reasonable effective penetration depth of the Ag-K (about 25-30m) provided suitable results for such high fineness gold alloys. A uniform Au-Ag composition at the joint indicates that the double-conical bead was made by joining two sheets without solder. Overall, the collection shows a composition that is similar to known Chalcolithic gold in Portuguese Estremadura but different from coeval gold in Southwestern Iberian Peninsula. The distinct compositional pattern of Chalcolithic gold in Portuguese Estremadura seems to be inconsistent with the natural variability of silver content in alluvial deposits of gold in Iberian Peninsula, thus suggesting a continuous use of particular sources and limited exchange of nuggets and jewels with the neighbouring region. Copyright (c) 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
dc.description.sponsorshipFEDER funds through the COMPETE Programme
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Funds through FCT - Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [UID/Multi/04349/2013]
dc.description.sponsorshipMunicipality of Torres Novas. Archaeological excavations at Convento do Carmo
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/xrs.2764
dc.identifier.issn0049-8246
dc.identifier.issn1097-4539
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/13085
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherWiley
dc.subjectRay-fluorescence spectrometry
dc.subjectMulti-analytical approach
dc.subjectMicrochemical characterization
dc.subjectIberian Peninsula
dc.subjectAncient-Egypt
dc.subjectNatural gold
dc.subjectProvenance
dc.subjectArtifacts
dc.subjectCorrosion
dc.subjectWorkshop
dc.titleMicro-EDXRF investigation of Chalcolithic gold ornaments from Portuguese Estremadura
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage258
oaire.citation.issue4
oaire.citation.startPage252
oaire.citation.titleX-Ray Spectrometry
oaire.citation.volume46
person.familyNameFaustino de Carvalho
person.givenNameAntónio Manuel
person.identifier.ciencia-id1817-DD0F-21B4
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-0912-2325
person.identifier.ridAAH-9034-2019
person.identifier.scopus-author-id16174587700
rcaap.rightsrestrictedAccess
rcaap.typearticle
relation.isAuthorOfPublication05ba4a75-47d8-4961-8818-0b29189c2af3
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery05ba4a75-47d8-4961-8818-0b29189c2af3

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