FCH2-Artigos (em revistas ou actas indexadas)
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- Emotion regulation, resilience, and mental health: a mediation study with university students in the pandemic contextPublication . Brites, Rute; Brandão, Tânia; Hipólito, João; Jiménez-Ros, Antonia María; Nunes, OdeteThe COVID‐19 pandemic had a huge impact on people's lives due to the fear of getting infected and having the disease, as well as the necessary prevention and containment measures. University students were one of the most affected groups, as they were forced to cope with significant life changes. However, not all displayed symptoms of psychological distress, which means that internal resources such as emotional regulation and resilience may have acted as protective variables. This cross‐sectional study aimed to examine the extent to which the relationship between emotion regulation and stress, anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms was mediated by resilience in a sample of university students. Results showed that emotion regulation strategies were positively associated with lower mental health. Some resilience dimensions mediated these relationships, with perception‐of‐self mediating all associations. Planned future mediated the association between emotion regulation and depression, family cohesion mediated the relation between emotion regulation and stress, and social resources mediated the association of cognitive reappraisal with anxiety and PTSD by suppressing the direct positive relationship. These results highlight the relevance of resilience as a key resource in coping effectively with the uncertainties, and changes that arise during stressful periods such as a pandemic.
- Les rondalles que l’arxiduc no va publicarPublication . Correia, PauloÉ sobejamente conhecido, sobretudo entre os folcloristas (mas que também é sentido pela gente comum) que a milenar literatura de tradição oral entrou em decadência por ter perdido a sua função de entreter e educar os povos nas sociedades industriais ou pós-industriais. As primeiras recolhas de literatura oral aconteceram no século xix por ação do ideário do Romantismo, onde se considerava que quem representava o “espírito” das várias nações era o “povo” e suas tradições, sobretudo as de transmissão oral. Os dois primeiros países a interessar-se por essa tradição armazenada na memória de indivíduos pertencentes a uma população maioritariamente rural, foram a Alemanha e a Grã-Bretanha. Simultaneamente, foram também estes países que começaram mais cedo a sua Revolução Industrial, com consequências trágicas para as sociedades campesinas. Com plena consciência da rápida desintegração das condições que permitiram a este conhecimento memorial ser transmitido oralmente através das gerações, e verificando no terreno que a cada década que passasse era cada vez mais difícil encontrar testemunhos válidos do mesmo, lançaram o alarme: é preciso salvar o que ainda é possível salvar, antes do seu desaparecimento total, registrando essas tradições através da escrita em suportes duradouros, como os livros.
- Lexicalized meaning representation (LMR)Publication . Baptista, Jorge; Reis, Sónia; Dias, João; Santos, Pedro A.This paper presents an adaptation of the Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) framework for European Portuguese. This adaptation, referred to as Lexicalized Meaning Representation (LMR), was deemed necessary to address specific challenges posed by the grammar of the language, as well as various linguistic issues raised by the current version of AMR annotation guidelines. Some of these aspects stemmed from the use of a notation similar to AMR to represent real texts from the legal domain, enabling its use in Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. In this context, several aspects of AMR were significantly simplified (e.g., the representation of multi-word expressions, named entities, and temporal expressions), while others were introduced, with efforts made to maintain the representation scheme as compatible as possible with standard AMR notation.
- Charting the linguistic landscape of developing writers: an annotation scheme for enhancing native language proficiencyPublication . Da Corte, Miguel; Baptista, JorgeThis study describes a pilot annotation task designed to capture orthographic, grammatical, lexical, semantic, and discursive patterns exhibited by college native English speakers participating in developmental education (DevEd) courses. The paper introduces an annotation scheme developed by two linguists aiming at pinpointing linguistic challenges that hinder effective written communication. The scheme builds upon patterns supported by the literature, which are known as predictors of student placement in DevEd courses and English proficiency levels. Other novel, multilayered, linguistic aspects that the literature has not yet explored are also presented. The scheme and its primary categories are succinctly presented and justified. Two trained annotators used this scheme to annotate a sample of 103 text units (3 during the training phase and 100 during the annotation task proper). Texts were randomly selected from a population of 290 community college intending students. An in-depth quality assurance inspection was conducted to assess tagging consistency between annotators and to discern (and address) annotation inaccuracies. Krippendorff’s Alpha (K-alpha) interrater reliability coefficients were calculated, revealing a K-alpha score of k=0.40, which corresponds to a moderate level of agreement, deemed adequate for the complexity and length of the annotation task.
- Late neanderthal subsistence and foraging mobility at Lapa do Picareiro: a zooarchaeological and taphonomic analysis of Level JJPublication . Carvalho, Milena; Haws, Jonathan; Jones, Emily LenaRecent revisions of Neanderthal behavioral models call into question the notion of inflexible subsistence strategies. Here, we present new zooarchaeological and taphonomic data from Level JJ at Lapa do Picareiro (Portuguese Estremadura), dating to ∼51.5–42.5 ka cal BP, to evaluate Neanderthal prey selection, mobility, and adaptive responses to climatic fluctuations during MIS 3. Our zooarchaeological and taphonomic analysis of macro-mammalian faunal assemblages—divided into three stratigraphic subunits—reveals a consistent emphasis on red deer exploitation, supplemented by occasional hunting of ibex, chamois, aurochs, and horse. Despite paleoenvironmental disturbances associated with Heinrich Stadial (HS) 5, the stable abundance and processing of red deer indicate that these key resources remained reliable, supporting a localized foraging territory estimated at 225–400 km². In contrast, the lithic record shows a shift in raw material procurement before and after the climatic event, suggesting adaptive technological responses. Overall, our findings imply that Neanderthals at Picareiro employed brief, intermittent site occupations while maintaining resilient, regionally adapted subsistence and mobility strategies in the face of environmental variability.
- Psychopathy: what are fearless people afraid of?Publication . Coelho, Carlos M.; Araújo, Ana S.; Suttiwan, Panrapee; Barbosa, Fernando; Bento, Tiago; Zsido, Andras N.Introduction: Historically, the distinction between primary and secondary psychopathy has focused on fear or lack thereof and limited anxiety symptoms. Individuals high in primary psychopathy traits often exhibit little or no anxiety or fear. These traits are key features, and several methods used to differentiate primary and secondary psychopathy emphasize fear and anxiety as key discriminators. However, there is limited evidence on what individuals high in psychopathy traits might specifically fear. Most previous studies have either included specific phobias within an anxiety cluster, thereby precluding the possibility of observing the number and type of phobias reported by participants with psychopathic traits, or have addressed specific phobias in general without further detailing the specific fears to which these participants were referring. Methods: This study attempts to address this evidence gap by using the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale to measure psychopathy and the Fear Survey Schedule III to measure phobic anxiety. Results: Results indicate that individuals with higher levels of secondary psychopathy report a greater number of specific fears. In contrast, those with primary psychopathy show fear or discomfort primarily related to seeing naked people. Discussion: These findings are discussed in detail.
- Enhancing writing proficiency classification in developmental education: the quest for accuracyPublication . Da Corte, Miguel; Baptista, JorgeDevelopmental Education (DevEd) courses align students’ college-readiness skills with higher education literacy demands. These courses often use automated assessment tools like accuplacer for student placement. Existing literature raises concerns about these exams’ accuracy and placement precision due to their narrow representation of the writing process. These concerns warrant further attention within the domain of automatic placement systems, particularly in the establishment of a reference corpus of annotated essays for these systems’ machine/deep learning. This study aims at an enhanced annotation procedure to assess college students’ writing patterns more accurately. It examines the efficacy of machine-learning-based DevEd placement, contrasting Accuplacer’s classification of 100 college-intending students’ essays into two levels (Level 1 and 2) against that of 6 human raters. The classification task encompassed the assessment of the 6 textual criteria currently used by Accuplacer: mechanical conventions, sentence variety & style, idea development & support, organization & structure, purpose & focus, and critical thinking. Results revealed low inter-rater agreement, both on the individual criteria and the overall classification, suggesting human assessment of writing proficiency can be inconsistent in this context. To achieve a more accurate determination of writing proficiency and improve DevEd placement, more robust classification methods are thus required.
- Automatic ceramic identification using machine learning. Lusitanian amphorae and Faience. Two Portuguese case studiesPublication . Santos, Joel; Nunes, Diogo A.P.; Padnevych, Ruslan; Quaresma, José Carlos; Lopes, Martim; Gil, Joana; BERNARDES, João Pedro; Casimiro, Tania ManuelThis article presents a novel approach to classifying archaeological artefacts using machine learning, specifically deep learning, rather than relying on traditional, time-consuming human-based methods. By employing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), this approach aims to expedite and enhance the identification process, making it more accessible to a wider audience. The study focuses on two types of artefacts- Roman Lusitanian amphorae (2nd-5th centuries) and Portuguese faience (16th-18th centuries)- chosen for their diversity. While Lusitanian amphorae lack decoration, Portuguese faience poses challenges with subtle colour variations. The study demonstrates the potential of this approach to overcome these hurdles. The paper outlines the methodology, dataset creation, and model training, emphasizing the importance of extensive data and computational resources. The ultimate objective of this research is to develop a mobile application that utilizes image classification techniques to accurately classify ceramic sherds and bring about a significant transformation in archaeological classification.
- Leveraging NLP and machine learning for English (L1) writing assessment in developmental educationPublication . Da Corte, Miguel; Baptista, JorgeThis study investigates using machine learning and linguistic features to predict placements in Developmental Education (DevEd) courses based on English (L1) writing proficiency. Placement in these courses is often performed using systems like ACCUPLACER, which automatically assesses and scores standardized writing assignments in entrance exams. Literature on ACCUPLACER’s assessment methods and the features accounted for in the scoring process is scarce. To identify the linguistic features important for placement decisions, 100 essays were randomly selected and analyzed from a pool of essays written by 290 native speakers. A total of 457 Linguistic attributes were extracted using COH-METRIX (106), the Common Text Analysis Platform (CTAP) (330), plus 21 DevEd-specific features produced by the manual annotation of the corpus. Using the ORANGE Text Mining toolkit, several supervised Machine-learning (ML) experiments with two classification scenarios (full and split sample essays) were conducted to determine the best linguistic features and bestperforming ML algorithm. Results revealed that the Naive Bayes, with a selection of the 30 highest-ranking features (21 CTAP, 7 COH-METRIX, 2 DevEd-specific) based on the Information Gain scoring method, achieved a classification accuracy (CA) of 77.3%, improving to 81.8% with 60 features. This approach surpassed the baseline accuracy of 72.7% for the full essay scenario, demonstrating enhanced placement accuracy and providing new insights into students’ linguistic skills in DevEd.
- Ageism in the labor market: validation of the portuguese version of the workplace age discrimination scale (WADS)Publication . Valadas, Sandra; Paulos, Liliana; Surducan, Emanuel; Zacarias, RuiContemporary workplaces are characterized by diverse age groups that work collaboratively. Research has indicated an increase in workplace age discrimination, being crucial to understand the perceptions of employees regarding its impact at work contexts. The present study explores the potential for objective measurement of age discrimination in European employment rates among older workers. It addresses the lack of a validated instrument to measure age-related discriminatory experiences in the Portuguese context, demanding the adaptation and validation of a reliable and valid tool. The study focuses on adapting and validating the Workplace Age Discrimination Scale (WADS) in a sample of 536 Portuguese employees from public, private, and third-sector organizations in the southern region of Portugal, assesses the perceived age-related discrimination in the workplace, and determines to which personal variables workers’ age is related. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) supported the unidimensional structure of the WADS, with acceptable fit indices. The scale demonstrated high internal consistency. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that age and hours worked per day were significant predictors of perceived age discrimination. These findings validate the Portuguese version of the WADS as a reliable and robust tool to assess age discrimination in the workplace.