FCH2-Artigos (em revistas ou actas indexadas)
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- Travel motivation and well-being: analysing the mediating role of mindfulness and memorable travel experiences of portuguese travellersPublication . Iacob, Vivien; Neves de Jesus, Saúl; Garcês, Soraia; Carmo, CláudiaThere is a common perception that tourism can directly or indirectly enhance well-being. The travellers' motivations could influence the connection between tourism and well-being. This study aimed to examine the relationship between travel motivations and well-being and the beneficial effects of mindfulness and memorable travel experiences (MTEs) on this relationship. The data were gathered using online questionnaires and included 256 participants. The findings suggested that travel motivation positively influenced well-being, mindfulness, and MTEs. The mediating role of MTEs and mindfulness in the relationship between motivation and well-being was verified. In conclusion, this study emphasises the importance of comprehending the influence of travel motivations, mindfulness, and MTEs in promoting and enhancing well-being. Understanding the psychological variables affecting well-being is crucial for researchers and tourism managers to incorporate effective methods for better management and marketing, considering that tourism offers are more suited to consumer demand.
- Wellness tourism: a systematic literature reviewPublication . Fernandes Martins, Patrícia Raquel; Neves de Jesus, Saúl; Pocinho, Margarida; Pinto, Patricia ISWellness tourism is a proactive process where people travel to maintain or enhance their well-being. The main goal of this study is to analyse the publications on wellness tourism as a subcategory of health tourism over the last five years and contribute to a better understanding of this field. Specifically, the objectives are: (a) to identify the theoretical models and methodological frameworks involving wellness tourism, (b) to identify prominent and emerging themes, and (c) to provide directions for future investigations. A systematic literature review based on the PRISMA guidelines was carried out through Web Science and Scopus databases in December 2023. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 72 peer-reviewed empirical articles published between 2019 and 2023 in English-language academic journals were selected. The review identified and assessed the selected studies’ theoretical and methodological frameworks. Additionally, the thematic analysis revealed 66 distinct variables related to wellness tourism, highlighting emerging research trends. Finally, the study outlines potential avenues for future research. This systematic review provides theoretical insights and practical contributions to the growing field of wellness tourism.
- Exploring few-shot approaches to automatic text complexity assessment in european portuguesePublication . Ribeiro, Eugénio; Antunes, David; Mamede, Nuno; Baptista, JorgeThe automatic assessment of text complexity has an important role to play in the context of language education. In this study, we shift the focus from L2 learners to adult native speakers with low literacy by exploring the new iRead4Skills dataset in European Portuguese. Furthermore, instead of relying on classical machine learning approaches or fine-tuning a pre-trained language model, we leverage the capabilities of prompt-based Large Language Models (LLMs), with a special focus on few-shot prompting approaches. We explore prompts with varying degrees of information, as well as different example selection approaches. Overall, the results of our experiments reveal that even a single example significantly increases the performance of the model and that few-shot approaches generalize better than fine-tuned models. However, automatic complexity assessment is a difficult and highly subjective task that is still far from solved.
- Avaliação automática do nível de complexidade de textos em Português EuropeuPublication . Ribeiro, Eugénio; Mamede, Nuno; Baptista, JorgeA avaliação da inteligibilidade de textos e a sua classificação por níveis de complexidade é essencial para o ensino de língua e para indústrias relacionadas com a linguagem que dependem de uma comunicação eficaz. O Quadro Europeu Comum de Referência para as Línguas (CEFR) é uma referência amplamente reconhecida para a classificação dos níveis de proficiência linguística. Este quadro pode ser utilizado não apenas para avaliar a proficiência de aprendentes de uma língua, mas também, de uma perspetiva de inteligibilidade, como um meio de identificar a proficiência necessária para compreender um texto. O objetivo deste estudo é desenvolver e avaliar modelos automáticos capazes de classificar textos em português europeu de acordo com os níveis de complexidade definidos pelo CEFR. Para tal, exploramos o ajuste de vários modelos de base pré-treinados em dados textuais utilizados para fins de avaliação de proficiência e exploramos abordagens que tiram partido da natureza ordinal dos níveis. Realizamos ainda uma análise preliminar da capacidade de base que modelos baseados em instruções têm para desempenhar esta tarefa. Nas experiências, os melhores modelos conseguem atingir mais de 80% de taxa de acerto e 75% de medida F1 mas têm dificuldade em generalizar para diferentes tipos de texto, o que revela a necessidade de dados de treino adicionais e mais diversificados.
- Measurement invariance and country difference in death anxiety: evidence from portuguese and arab samplesPublication . Gonçalves, Gabriela; AL-Dossary, Saeed A.; Sousa, CátiaDeath is something inevitable and common to all human beings. However, cultures vary in how they define and manage living with the inevitability of death and what happens when a person dies. Among the possible responses to this inescapable reality, there is death anxiety. Several instruments have proliferated in the literature to assess death anxiety. Among them, stands out the Scale of Death Anxiety (SDA) which contemplates somatic, cognitive, emotional and behavioural reactions from a symptomatic perspective. Thus, the objective of this study is the validation and measurement invariance of the SDA in Portuguese and Arab samples (N=216 and N=377, respectively). Confirmatory factor analyses, multigroup confirmatory factor analyses measurement invariance and latent mean differences were performed across cultures and gender groups. Our results provided important preliminary evidence for the validity of the scale in both samples. The structure of the SDA remained unchanged in both cultures and genders. The SDA showed partial scalar invariance across cultural groups, and full scalar invariance across gender groups. As expected, the Arab participants showed higher levels of anxiety than the Portuguese sample. The analyses also showed that females in both cultural groups obtained higher scores than males on dysphoria and fear of death. However, the two genders did not differ significantly on avoidance of death. The results show that the SDA is a reliable and valid measure for the study of death anxiety, showing to be invariant between cultures and between genders.
- Linguistic diversity at a crossroads: policy, preservation and innovation in a globalised worldPublication . Conceição, Manuel CélioThis new issue of the European Journal of Language Policy grapples with one of the most pressing challenges of our time: sustaining linguistic diversity among the dual forces of globalisation and homogenisation. The seven studies featured here – spanning the Gulf states, European classrooms, Central Asian media and transnational alliances – paint a nuanced picture of both vulnerability and resilience, urging policymakers to adopt strategies that balance preservation with adaptability.
- Shrouded in history: unveiling the ways of life of an early Muslim population in Santarém, Portugal (8th– 10th century AD)Publication . MacRoberts, Rebecca Anne; Liberato, Marco; Roca-Rada, Xavier; Valente, Maria João; Relvado, Cláudia; Fernandes, Teresa Matos; Dias, Cristina Barrocas; Llamas, Bastien; Vilar, Hermínia Vasconcelos; Schöne, Bernd R.; Ribeiro, Sara; Santos, José Francisco; Teixeira, João C.; Maurer, Anne-France; Dario Piombino-MascaliIn around 716 AD, the city of Santare´m, Portugal, was conquered by the Berber and Arab armies that swept the Iberian Peninsula and went on to rule the region until the 12th century. Archaeological excavations in 2007/08 discovered an Islamic necropolis (Avenida 5 de Outubro #2–8) that appears to contain the remains of an early Muslim population in Santare´m (8th– 10th century). In this study, skeletal material from 58 adult individuals was analysed for stable carbon (δ13Ccol; δ13Cap), nitrogen (δ15N) and sulphur (δ34S) isotope ratios in bones, and stable oxygen (δ18O), carbon (δ13Cen) and radiogenic strontium ( 87Sr/86Sr) isotopes in tooth enamel. The results of this study revealed a dietary pattern of predominantly C3-plant and domestic C3-fed herbivore consumption during adulthood (δ13Ccol and δ15N, respectively) but a higher proportion of C4-plant input during childhood (δ13Cen) for some individuals—interpreted as possible childhood consumption of millet porridge, a common practice in North Africa—in those with unorthodox burial types (Groups 1 and 2) that was not practiced in the individuals with canonical burials (Group 3). In this first mobility study of a medieval Muslim population in Portugal, δ18ODW values revealed greater heterogeneity in Groups 1 and 2, consistent with diverse origins, some in more humid regions than Santare´m when compared to regional precipitation δ18O data, contrasting the more homogenous Group 3, consistent with the local precipitation δ18O range. Ancient DNA analysis conducted on three individuals revealed maternal (mtDNA) and paternal (Y-chromosome) lineages compatible with a North African origin for (at least) some of the individuals. Additionally, mobility of females in this population was higher than males, potentially resulting from a patrilocal social system, practiced in Berber and Arab communities. These results serve to offer a more detailed insight into the ancestry and cultural practices of early Muslim populations in Iberia.
- Ambivalent sexism and neosexism: examining the role of affirmative action attitudes in sustaining workplace gender inequalityPublication . Gomes, Alexandra; Giger, Jean-Christophe; Sousa, Cátia; Vieira dos Santos, Joana; Souza, Anna; Gonçalves, GabrielaGender-based affirmative action (GAA) in the workplace, despite targeting gender discrimination, elicits negative reactions. Few studies have explored socio-cognitive factors sustaining critics towards GAA. In this study we aim to fill the gap, asserting that individuals can simultaneously hold neosexist beliefs and positive attitudes towards GAA, forming an attitudinal combination that perpetuates workplace gender inequality. We argue that ambivalent sexism precedes adherence to this combination and that ambivalent sexists, high on both hostile and benevolent sexisms, endorse this combination more than other sexists. In a sample of 792 participants (n=555 employed in public and private institutions; n=237 college students), results showed that, men displayed higher levels of hostile and benevolent sexism, as well as neosexism, and supported GAA less than women. Additionally, hierarchical cluster analysis identified four sexist profiles, with an analysis of variance revealing that these profiles were linked to varying levels of neosexism endorsement and support for GAA. Overall, ambivalent sexists reported significantly higher levels of both neosexism and support for GAA compared to hostile, benevolent, or nonsexist participants.
- Effects of a mindfulness-based intervention on male Portuguese prisonersPublication . Carmo, Cláudia; Iacob, Vivien; Brás, Marta; Silva Fernandes, Maria JacintaMindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in prison environments have revealed positive benefits for prisoners’ physical and psychological health. This study aimed to verify the efficacy of an MBI program in decreasing depressive symptoms, anxiety, stress, negative effects, and increasing positive affects, self-esteem, and mindfulness state and capacity in prisoners. The sample comprised 44 Portuguese male prisoners, who were divided into two groups: the mindfulness training group (n=22) and the control group (n=22). The mindfulness training group demonstrated increased self-esteem and mindfulness capacities. Qualitative analysis showed the usefulness of the training for inmates, not only in their daily prison life, but also post-release and the importance of breathing in coping with anxious and stressful situations. These findings suggest the benefits of MBI in prison settings and propose that these interventions may hold the potential to improve prisoners’ reintegration into society.
- Seeing or acting? the effect of performing gestures on foreign language vocabulary learningPublication . García-Gámez, Ana Belén; Cervilla, Óscar; Casado, Alba; Macizo, PedroWe evaluate the impact of gestures during the teaching of vocabulary in a foreign language (FL). Spanish speakers learned words in a FL in four gesture conditions according to the relationship between the meaning of the words and the gestures (congruent gestures, incongruent gestures, gestures without meaning, and no gestures). The participants learned the words by performing gestures (‘do’ teaching group) or by observing the gestures performed by others (‘see’ teaching group). Compared to the meaningless gesture condition, the processing of congruent gestures facilitated the recall of second language (L2) words in the ‘see’ and ‘do’ teaching groups. However, the interference effect associated with the processing of incongruent gestures was greater in the ‘see’ teaching group than in the ‘do’ teaching group. Thus, the performance of gestures seems to mitigate the negative impact that the use of gestures may have on the teaching of vocabulary in a foreign language.