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Effects of cover crops on the overwintering success of entomopathogenic nematodes and their antagonists

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dc.contributor.authorJaffuel, Geoffrey
dc.contributor.authorBlanco-Pérez, Rubén
dc.contributor.authorBüchi, Lucie
dc.contributor.authorMäder, Paul
dc.contributor.authorFließbach, Andreas
dc.contributor.authorCharles, Raphaël
dc.contributor.authorDegen, Thomas
dc.contributor.authorTurlings, Ted C.J.
dc.contributor.authorCampos-Herrera, Raquel
dc.date.accessioned2017-05-03T09:33:22Z
dc.date.available2017-05-03T09:33:22Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.description.abstractConservation agriculture is arising as an alternative to conventional agriculture with the aim to have a reduced impact on the environment. This includes the use of cover crops to conserve soil quality by limiting soil erosion, adding organic matter, and enhancing soil nutrient content, as well as water availability, which are all factors that can greatly influence the presence of soil organisms. In the current study, we investigated whether winter cover crops can enhance the persistence of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) over the winter season. In a first trial we augmented EPN populations in plots without (bared) and with the cover crops, pea (Pisum sativum) or mustard (Brassica juncea). In late autumn, individual mini-plots in each of the three treatments were supplemented with infective juveniles (IJs) of either Heterorhabditis bacteriophora or Steinernema feltiae. In a second trial we studied naturally occurring EPN in plots without (bared) and with the cover crop pea (Pisum sativum) followed by planting of winter wheat. To identify and quantify EPN, we analyzed soil samples using quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) at three time points over the winter season. We also measured the activity of augmented EPN by baiting the soil with wax moth larvae, Galleria mellonella. In addition, we used the qPCR method to investigate the presence of nematophagous fungi (NF), free-living nematodes (FLN) and ectoparasitic bacteria, all of which can interfere with EPN performance. Numbers of naturally occurring EPN in the investigated fields were very low (< 1 EPN per 100 g of soil). The cover crops only had a significant positive effect on the numbers of augmented S. feltiae found in early winter. No striking effect was found for H. bacteriophora. Yet, augmentation was found to enhance the insect-suppressiveness of the soil, as the recorded EPN infectivity after the winter was slightly higher than what was observed in autumn, one month after application. The numbers of FLN, which compete for insect cadavers, was higher in spring than in early winter. These FLN and other antagonists may be important in reducing EPN numbers. In conclusion, the effect of cover crops on EPN persistence was only evident during early-winter and was only significant in the plots augmented with S. feltiae. Moreover, we found that higher numbers of EPN in agricultural soils do not necessarily translate into high infectivity, which is the key factor determining their effectiveness in controlling soil pests.pt_PT
dc.description.sponsorshipEconomic stimulus grant(51NF40-144621) from the Swiss National Science Foundation; National Research Program 68 (NRP68) grant (406840_143065) from the Swiss National Science Foundation
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.02.006pt_PT
dc.identifier.issn0929-1393
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/9797
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherElsevierpt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectForestrypt_PT
dc.subjectAgricultural Sciencespt_PT
dc.subjectPlant productionpt_PT
dc.subjectSoil sciencept_PT
dc.subjectAgronomypt_PT
dc.subjectSoil biologypt_PT
dc.titleEffects of cover crops on the overwintering success of entomopathogenic nematodes and their antagonistspt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage73pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage62pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleApplied Soil Ecologypt_PT
oaire.citation.volume114pt_PT
person.familyNameCampos-Herrera
person.givenNameRaquel
person.identifier75402
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-0852-5269
person.identifier.ridA-5299-2017
person.identifier.scopus-author-id16318511600
rcaap.rightsrestrictedAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublication28736fd2-ac4e-43ac-84e0-51a1a10ffc28
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery28736fd2-ac4e-43ac-84e0-51a1a10ffc28

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