Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the European Portuguese version of the heartland forgiveness scale

Ikedo, Fabio; Castro, Luisa; Fráguas, Sofia; Rego, Francisca; Nunes, Rui

Publication

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the European Portuguese version of the heartland forgiveness scale

2020-08-26Journal article

dc.contributor.author	Ikedo, Fabio
dc.contributor.author	Castro, Luisa
dc.contributor.author	Fráguas, Sofia
dc.contributor.author	Rego, Francisca
dc.contributor.author	Nunes, Rui
dc.date.accessioned	2020-09-04T09:46:33Z
dc.date.available	2020-09-04T09:46:33Z
dc.date.issued	2020-08-26
dc.date.updated	2020-09-01T03:49:53Z
dc.description.abstract	Background Forgiveness is linked with well-being, and social and health research has focused on the role and aspects of forgiveness that has been recently suggested as a phenomenon of public health importance. The Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS) was developed gathering three subscales to assess the forgiveness of others, forgiveness of self, and forgiveness of situation. The present study aimed to adapt the HFS into European Portuguese, and investigate its reliability and validity. Methods Translation and cross-cultural adaptation were conducted using a multistep forward-back translation process. Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to verify that the factor structure is the same as in the original HFS. The short version of the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were used to examine convergent validity. Results A sample of 222 university students, selected through convenience sampling, was used to access the validity of the European Portuguese version of the HFS (EPHFS). Cronbach’s alpha for the European Portuguese HFS subscales were 0.777, 0.814 and 0.816 for Self, Others and Situation, respectively, indicating acceptable reliability. The 3-factor model of the original HFS was replicated in confirmatory factor analysis. As expected by evidence in the literature, positive and statistically significant correlations were found between SWLS and HFS and subscales. RRS showed negative and statistically significant correlations with HFS and subscales. Conclusions The European Portuguese version of the HFS presented acceptable internal consistency, construct validity and confirmed the three-factor structure of the original HFS.	pt_PT
dc.description.version	info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion	pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi	s12955-020-01531-9	pt_PT
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/14690
dc.language.iso	eng	pt_PT
dc.peerreviewed	yes	pt_PT
dc.publisher	BMC	pt_PT
dc.rights.holder	The Author(s)
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	pt_PT
dc.subject	Forgiveness	pt_PT
dc.subject	Others	pt_PT
dc.subject	Self	pt_PT
dc.subject	Situation	pt_PT
dc.subject	Questionnaire	pt_PT
dc.subject	Psychometrics	pt_PT
dc.title	Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the European Portuguese version of the heartland forgiveness scale	pt_PT
dc.type	journal article
dspace.entity.type	Publication
oaire.citation.issue	1	pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage	289	pt_PT
oaire.citation.title	Health and Quality of Life Outcomes	pt_PT
oaire.citation.volume	18	pt_PT
person.familyName	Fráguas
person.givenName	Sofia
person.identifier.orcid	0000-0003-4973-5078
rcaap.rights	openAccess	pt_PT
rcaap.type	article	pt_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublication	d2702c42-c454-411f-a9e3-c5dfb502cebc
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery	d2702c42-c454-411f-a9e3-c5dfb502cebc